Appearance
Unit 105 — Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.)
A. Comparative forms 比较级
Look at these examples:
How shall we travel? Shall we drive or go by train?
我们怎么去？开车还是坐火车？
Let’s drive. It’s cheaper. Don’t go by train. It’s more expensive.
我们开车吧。这样更便宜。 别坐火车。坐火车更贵。
Cheaper and more expensive are comparative forms.
cheaper 和 more expensive 都是比较级形式。
1. 比较级表示“更……”
例如：
cheap → cheaper
便宜 → 更便宜
expensive → more expensive
贵 → 更贵
2. comparative + than
After comparatives you can use than:
comparative + than
表示：
比……更……
例句：
It’s cheaper to drive than go by train. （开车比坐火车更便宜。）
Going by train is more expensive than driving. （坐火车比开车更贵。）
基本结构：
A + be + comparative + than + B
例如：
This car is cheaper than that car.
这辆车比那辆车便宜。
Shanghai is bigger than this city.
上海比这个城市大。
1. B. The comparative form is -er or more ...
比较级主要有两种构成方式：
adjective/adverb + -er
或者：
more + adjective/adverb
2. 短词通常使用 -er
We use -er for short words (one syllable):
| 原级 | 比较级 |
|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper |
| fast | faster |
| large | larger |
| thin | thinner |
例如：
cheap → cheaper
fast → faster
large → larger
thin → thinner
例句
You’re older than me. （你比我年长。）
The exam was quite easy – easier than I expected. （考试相当简单——比我预想的更简单。）
Can you walk a bit faster? （你能走快一点吗？）
I’d like to have a bigger car. （我想要一辆更大的车。）
Last night I went to bed earlier than usual. （昨晚我比平时睡得更早。）
3. 部分双音节词也使用 -er
We also use -er for two-syllable words that end in -y:
-y → -ier
例如：
| 原级 | 比较级 |
|---|---|
| lucky | luckier |
| early | earlier |
| easy | easier |
| pretty | prettier |
规律：
consonant + y → consonant + ier
例如：
easy → easier
happy → happier
lucky → luckier
4. 长词通常使用 more
We use more ... for longer words:
通常是两个或两个以上音节的较长单词。
例如：
more serious
more expensive
more often
more comfortable
例句
You’re more patient than me. （你比我更有耐心。）
The exam was quite difficult – more difficult than I expected. （考试相当难——比我预想的更难。）
I’d like to have a more reliable car. （我想要一辆更可靠的汽车。）
5. -ly 副词通常使用 more
We also use more ... for adverbs that end in -ly:
more + adverb ending in -ly
例如：
| 原级 | 比较级 |
|---|---|
| slowly | more slowly |
| seriously | more seriously |
| easily | more easily |
| quietly | more quietly |
例句：
- Can you walk a bit more slowly? （你能走慢一点吗？）
注意 often
often 虽然没有 -ly，通常也使用：
more often
例如：
- I don’t play tennis much these days. I used to play more often. （我最近不怎么打网球了。我以前打得更频繁。）
6. 有些双音节形容词可以用 -er 或 more
We use both -er or more ... with some two-syllable adjectives, especially:
clever
narrow
quiet
shallow
simple
例如：
cleverer / more clever
narrower / more narrow
quieter / more quiet
shallower / more shallow
simpler / more simple
例句
It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter? or Can we go somewhere more quiet?
（这里太吵了。我们能去一个更安静的地方吗？）
两种形式都可以。
7. -er 的常见拼写规则
一般直接 + -er
cheap → cheaper
old → older
long → longer
fast → faster
以 e 结尾，只加 -r
large → larger
nice → nicer
safe → safer
辅音字母 + y：y → i + er
easy → easier
pretty → prettier
lucky → luckier
happy → happier
某些“短元音 + 单辅音”结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母
thin → thinner
big → bigger
hot → hotter
fat → fatter
8. C. Irregular comparative forms
有少数形容词和副词的比较级是不规则变化，需要直接记忆。
9. good / well → better
good → better
well → better
例如：
The garden looks better since you tidied it up. （自从你整理花园以后，它看起来好多了。）
I know him well – probably better than anybody else knows him. （我很了解他——可能比其他任何人都更了解他。）
所以不要说：
❌ gooder
❌ more good
而应该说：
✅ better
10. bad / badly → worse
bad → worse
badly → worse
例如：
‘How’s your headache? Better?’ ‘No, it’s worse.’
“你头痛怎么样了？好一点了吗？” “没有，更严重了。”
He did very badly in the exam – worse than expected. （他考试考得很差——比预想的更差。）
不要说：
❌ badder
❌ more bad
而是：
✅ worse
11. far → further / farther
far 的比较级有两种：
far → further
或者：
far → farther
两者都可以用于表示：
更远
例如：
It’s a long walk from here to the park – further than I thought. or farther than I thought.
（从这里走到公园很远——比我想象的还要远。）
12. further 的另一个重要意思
Further 不仅可以表示：
更远
它还可以表示：
more / additional
即：
更多的 / 进一步的 / 额外的
注意：
这个意思只能使用 further，不能使用 farther。
例如：
Let me know if you hear any further news. (= any more news)
（如果你听到任何进一步的消息，请告诉我。）
常见搭配：
further information 更多信息
further details 更多细节
further discussion 进一步讨论
further questions 更多问题
13. -er 还是 more？
可以先使用这个简单判断方法：
短形容词
通常：
adjective + -er
例如：
small → smaller
old → older
fast → faster
cheap → cheaper
长形容词
通常：
more + adjective
例如：
expensive → more expensive
comfortable → more comfortable
difficult → more difficult
reliable → more reliable
-y 结尾的双音节词
通常：
y → ier
例如：
easy → easier
happy → happier
lucky → luckier
pretty → prettier
-ly 副词
通常：
more + adverb
例如：
slowly → more slowly
carefully → more carefully
quietly → more quietly
seriously → more seriously
14. 不要同时使用 more 和 -er
一个常见错误是同时使用：
more + -er
这是错误的。
例如：
❌ more cheaper
❌ more faster
❌ more easier
❌ more bigger
应该说：
✅ cheaper
✅ faster
✅ easier
✅ bigger
同样：
❌ expensiver
应该说：
✅ more expensive
15. a bit + comparative
图片中的一个重要表达：
Can you walk a bit faster?
这里：
a bit + comparative
表示：
稍微更……一点
例如：
a bit faster 快一点
a bit slower 慢一点
a bit cheaper 便宜一点
a bit bigger 大一点
a bit more careful 更小心一点
日常口语非常常用。
16. comparative + than
如果明确比较两个对象，经常使用：
comparative + than
例如：
cheaper than
faster than
bigger than
more expensive than
more comfortable than
例句：
My car is cheaper than yours.
我的车比你的便宜。
This computer is faster than my old one.
这台电脑比我以前那台快。
This chair is more comfortable than that one.
这把椅子比那把更舒服。
17. than 后面不一定是名词
than 后面可以接很多不同结构。
than + noun / pronoun
You’re older than me.
你比我年长。
than + clause
It was easier than I expected.
它比我预想的简单。
than + -ing
Going by train is more expensive than driving.
坐火车比开车贵。
than usual
非常常见：
comparative + than usual
表示：
比平时更……
例如：
I got up earlier than usual.
我比平时起得早。
The traffic is worse than usual today.
今天的交通比平时更糟。
18. 本单元核心变化表
| 原级 | 比较级 | 规则 |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper | + er |
| fast | faster | + er |
| large | larger | + r |
| thin | thinner | 双写 + er |
| big | bigger | 双写 + er |
| lucky | luckier | y → ier |
| early | earlier | y → ier |
| easy | easier | y → ier |
| pretty | prettier | y → ier |
| serious | more serious | more |
| expensive | more expensive | more |
| comfortable | more comfortable | more |
| slowly | more slowly | more |
| easily | more easily | more |
| quietly | more quietly | more |
| good / well | better | 不规则 |
| bad / badly | worse | 不规则 |
| far | further / farther | 不规则 |
19. 最终思维模型
英语比较级最核心的意思就是：
A 比 B 更……
基本结构：
A + be/verb + comparative + than + B
例如：
My car is cheaper than yours.
第一步，判断单词是短还是长。
短词
使用：
-er
例如：
cheap → cheaper
fast → faster
big → bigger
easy → easier
长词
使用：
more + adjective/adverb
例如：
expensive → more expensive
comfortable → more comfortable
slowly → more slowly
第二步，记住三个最重要的不规则变化：
good / well → better
bad / badly → worse
far → further / farther
第三步，需要明确“比谁”时加：
than
所以最核心的三个模板是：
short adjective + -er + than
例如：
cheaper than
faster than
bigger than
more + long adjective/adverb + than
例如：
more expensive than
more comfortable than
more slowly than
以及：
a bit + comparative
表示：
稍微更……一点
例如：
a bit faster
a bit cheaper
a bit more comfortable
最终可以浓缩成：
短词 → -er
长词 → more
比较对象 → than
稍微更…… → a bit + comparative
good → better
bad → worse
far → further / farther