Appearance
Unit 24 — will be doing and will have done
A. Future continuous / Future perfect
先看这个场景:
These people are standing in a queue to get into the cinema.
这些人现在正在排队进入电影院。
1. Half an hour from now
Half an hour from now, the cinema will be full. Everyone will be watching the film.
半小时后,电影院会坐满。
每个人都会正在看电影。
这里:
will be watching
表示:
未来某个时间点,动作正在进行。
结构:
will be + V-ing
这就是:
Future Continuous(将来进行时)
2. Three hours from now
Three hours from now, the cinema will be empty. The film will have finished. Everyone will have gone home.
三小时后,电影院会空了。
电影将已经结束。
所有人也都已经回家了。
这里:
will have finished
will have gone
表示:
在未来某个时间点之前,动作已经完成。
结构:
will have + 过去分词
这就是:
Future Perfect(将来完成时)
3. 两个时态的核心区别
| 结构 | 核心意思 |
|---|---|
| will be doing | 到未来某个时间,正在做 |
| will have done | 到未来某个时间,已经做完 |
4. 时间轴
will be doing
NOW FUTURE TIME
│ │
│ ─── doing ───
│ ↑
└─────────────────────────┘
例如:
At 8 p.m., I will be studying.
晚上 8 点时,我会正在学习。
will have done
NOW FUTURE TIME
│ │
├────── action ─────● │
↑
finished
before this time
例如:
By 8 p.m., I will have finished my homework.
到晚上 8 点时,我已经做完作业了。
B. will be doing
将来进行时
5. 基本含义
I will be doing something = I will be in the middle of doing it.
也就是:
未来某个时间点,我会正处于某个动作过程中。
6. Example — This time next week
This time next week I’ll be on holiday. I’ll be lying on the beach or swimming in the sea.
下周这个时候,我会在度假。
我会正躺在海滩上,或者正在海里游泳。
这里:
this time next week
给出了一个:
未来具体时间点
而那个时候:
动作正在进行。
所以使用:
will be doing
7. Example — You’ll be wasting your time
You have no chance of getting the job. You’ll be wasting your time if you apply.
你不可能得到这份工作。
如果你申请,你只会浪费时间。
这里:
will be wasting
强调:
未来那个过程中,你会一直处于“浪费时间”的状态。
8. will be doing 的结构
will + be + V-ing
例如:
- will be working
- will be sleeping
- will be driving
- will be studying
- will be waiting
否定:
won’t be + V-ing
例如:
I won’t be working tomorrow.
我明天不会在工作。
9. will be doing vs will do
图片中的对比:
Don’t phone between 7 and 8. We’ll be eating.
7 点到 8 点之间不要打电话。
我们那时候会正在吃饭。
这里:
be eating
强调:
7–8 点那个时间段,吃饭正在进行。
而:
Let’s wait for Liz to arrive and then we’ll eat.
我们等 Liz 到了以后再吃饭。
这里:
we’ll eat
只是说:
之后会吃饭。
并不强调:
某个未来时间点正在吃。
10. will be doing vs will do
| will be doing | will do |
|---|---|
| 未来某时正在进行 | 未来会做 |
| focus on activity in progress | focus on action/event |
| We’ll be eating at 7. | We’ll eat after Liz arrives. |
11. 过去 / 现在 / 未来进行时对比
图片中有一个非常重要的三时态对比:
Past Continuous
At 10 o’clock yesterday, Tina was in her office. She was working.
昨天 10 点,Tina 在办公室。
她当时正在工作。
Present Continuous
It’s 10 o’clock now. She is in her office. She is working.
现在 10 点。
她正在工作。
Future Continuous
At 10 o’clock tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.
明天 10 点,她会在办公室。
她会正在工作。
12. 三种进行时结构
| 时间 | 结构 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 过去 | was/were + V-ing | She was working. |
| 现在 | am/is/are + V-ing | She is working. |
| 未来 | will be + V-ing | She will be working. |
C. will be -ing 也可以表示未来安排
13. 不一定强调“正在进行”
图片还说明:
We also use will be -ing to talk about complete actions in the future.
也就是说:
will be doing 有时只是比较中性地描述未来安排或未来会发生的事情。
14. Example — will be making a statement
The government will be making a statement about the crisis later today.
政府今天晚些时候会就这场危机发表声明。
这里:
will be making
不一定强调:
“那个时候正在讲话的过程中”。
更像是:
未来已经安排会发生的事情。
15. Example — I’ll be talking to ...
Later in the programme, I’ll be talking to the Minister of Education.
节目稍后,我将采访 / 和教育部长交谈。
这里:
will be talking
表示:
节目安排中的未来事件。
16. Example — won’t be playing
The team’s star player is injured and won’t be playing in the game on Saturday.
球队的明星球员受伤了,周六的比赛他不会上场。
这里:
won’t be playing
表示:
未来安排中不会参加比赛。
17. 这种用法和 will / going to 很接近
图片指出:
When we use it in this way, will be doing is similar to will do and going to do.
例如:
I’ll be meeting Tom tomorrow.
I’ll meet Tom tomorrow.
I’m going to meet Tom tomorrow.
都可能表达:
明天会见 Tom。
只是语感和强调点略有不同。
18. will be doing 的语感
这种用法通常比较:
中性、自然、像是在描述未来日程。
例如:
I’ll be seeing Mike tomorrow.
我明天会见 Mike。
听起来更像:
这是未来流程里会自然发生的事情。
D. will have done
将来完成时
19. 基本含义
I will have done something = it will be complete before a time in the future.
也就是:
到未来某个时间之前,动作会已经完成。
结构:
will have + 过去分词
20. Example — she’ll have gone to work
Sally always leaves for work at 8.30 in the morning. She won’t be at home at 9 o’clock — she’ll have gone to work.
Sally 每天早上 8:30 出门上班。
9 点时她不会在家,因为那时候她已经去上班了。
这里:
9:00 = future reference point
在这个时间点之前:
go to work 已经发生。
所以:
will have gone
21. Example — will already have started
We’re late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.
我们迟到了。
等我们到电影院时,电影肯定已经开始了。
结构:
by the time + Present Simple
主句:
will have done
22. Future Perfect 常见时间词
将来完成时经常和这些表达一起出现:
- by
- by then
- by tomorrow
- by next week
- by the time ...
- before ...
例如:
By Friday, I’ll have finished the report.
到周五,我就已经完成报告了。
23. by 的核心感觉
by + 时间
意思:
最迟到这个时间之前
例如:
by 6 o’clock
= 在 6 点之前,最迟 6 点时。
所以:
I’ll have finished by 6.
意思:
到 6 点时,已经完成。
24. will do vs will have done
will do
I’ll finish the report tomorrow.
我明天会完成报告。
重点:
明天发生“完成报告”这个动作。
will have done
By tomorrow evening, I’ll have finished the report.
到明晚,我就已经完成报告了。
重点:
站在明晚这个未来时间点回头看,事情已经完成。
25. will have done 的时间视角
可以理解成:
站到未来,再回头看更早的未来。
例如:
NOW ACTION FUTURE POINT
│ │ │
│───────────────●─────────────────────▶│
done ↑
will have done
26. Present Perfect / Past Perfect / Future Perfect
图片中最后做了三个完成时的对比。
Present Perfect
Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years.
Ted 和 Amy 已经结婚 24 年了。
时间视角:
NOW
Future Perfect
Next year they will have been married for 25 years.
到明年,他们就结婚 25 年了。
时间视角:
FUTURE
Past Perfect
When their son was born, they had been married for three years.
他们儿子出生时,他们已经结婚三年了。
时间视角:
PAST
27. 三种完成时的核心
| 时态 | 参考点 | 结构 |
|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | 现在 | have/has done |
| Past Perfect | 过去 | had done |
| Future Perfect | 未来 | will have done |
28. 时间视角模型
Present Perfect
PAST ─────────────▶ NOW
↑
have done
Past Perfect
EARLIER PAST ─────▶ PAST
↑
had done
Future Perfect
NOW ─────▶ FUTURE ACTION ─────▶ FUTURE POINT
↑
will have done
29. will be doing vs will have done
这是本单元最重要的对比。
will be doing
问:
未来那个时间点,我正在干什么?
例如:
At 9 tomorrow, I’ll be working.
明天 9 点我会正在工作。
will have done
问:
到未来那个时间点,我已经完成了什么?
例如:
By 9 tomorrow, I’ll have finished the report.
到明天 9 点,我已经完成报告了。
30. At vs By
这是非常实用的区别。
at + future time
常和:
will be doing
搭配。
例如:
At 8, I’ll be having dinner.
8 点时我会正在吃饭。
by + future time
常和:
will have done
搭配。
例如:
By 8, I’ll have finished dinner.
到 8 点时,我已经吃完饭了。
31. At 8 vs By 8
| At 8 | By 8 |
|---|---|
| 8 点那个瞬间 | 到 8 点为止 |
| 状态 / 进行中 | 完成 |
| I’ll be eating. | I’ll have eaten. |
| 我正在吃 | 我已经吃完 |
32. Example 对比
At 10 tomorrow, I’ll be driving to work.
明天 10 点,我会正在开车去上班。
By 10 tomorrow, I’ll have arrived at work.
到明天 10 点,我已经到公司了。
33. 图片中的全部例句
A — Example situation
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Everyone will be watching the film. | 大家那时会正在看电影。 |
| The film will have finished. | 电影那时已经结束。 |
| Everyone will have gone home. | 大家那时已经回家。 |
B — Future Continuous
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I’ll be lying on the beach. | 我会正躺在海滩上。 |
| I’ll be swimming in the sea. | 我会正在海里游泳。 |
| You’ll be wasting your time. | 你会在浪费时间。 |
| We’ll be eating. | 我们那时候会正在吃饭。 |
| Then we’ll eat. | 然后我们会吃饭。 |
| She was working. | 她当时正在工作。 |
| She is working. | 她现在正在工作。 |
| She will be working. | 她将会正在工作。 |
C — Future arrangements
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| The government will be making a statement. | 政府稍后会发表声明。 |
| I’ll be talking to the Minister. | 我稍后会和部长交谈。 |
| He won’t be playing on Saturday. | 他周六不会上场。 |
D — Future Perfect
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| She’ll have gone to work. | 她那时已经去上班了。 |
| The film will already have started. | 电影那时已经开始了。 |
| They have been married for 24 years. | 他们已经结婚 24 年。 |
| They will have been married for 25 years. | 到明年他们就结婚 25 年了。 |
| They had been married for three years. | 当时他们已经结婚三年。 |
34. 最重要的结构表
| 想表达 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 未来某时正在做 | will be + V-ing |
| 未来安排中的动作 | will be + V-ing |
| 到未来某时已经完成 | will have + past participle |
| 到未来某时已经持续多久 | will have been + ... |
35. will have been
例如:
Next year, they will have been married for 25 years.
这里:
will have been + 状态
表示:
到未来某个时间点,状态已经持续了一段时间。
36. Future Perfect Continuous
进一步还可能出现:
will have been + V-ing
例如:
By next June, I’ll have been working here for ten years.
到明年六月,我就在这里工作满十年了。
结构:
will have been + V-ing
重点:
到未来某时间,某动作已经持续多久。
37. 四种未来表达快速对比
| 结构 | 核心问题 |
|---|---|
| will do | 将会做什么? |
| be going to do | 已经打算做什么? |
| will be doing | 到那个时间正在做什么? |
| will have done | 到那个时间已经做完什么? |
38. 一个连续场景
假设明天要写报告:
现在决定
I’ll write the report tomorrow.
我明天会写报告。
已有计划
I’m going to write the report tomorrow.
我已经打算明天写报告。
明天下午 2 点
At 2 p.m., I’ll be writing the report.
下午 2 点,我会正在写报告。
明天下午 6 点
By 6 p.m., I’ll have finished the report.
到下午 6 点,我已经写完报告了。
39. 最实用的判断方法
先找:
未来参考时间点
然后问:
到那个时间点,动作正在进行吗?
如果是:
will be doing
到那个时间点,动作已经完成了吗?
如果是:
will have done
40. 一个简单口诀
AT → doing
BY → done
虽然不是绝对规则,但非常好用。
例如:
At 8 → I’ll be eating.
By 8 → I’ll have eaten.
41. 母语思维
will be doing
不要机械翻译成:
“将正在……”
更自然的思维是:
“把自己放到未来那个时间点,看我那时正在干什么。”
will have done
也不要只背:
“将已经……”
更自然的思维是:
“站到未来某个时间点,再回头看,这件事已经完成了。”
42. 最终思维模型
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
NOW FUTURE POINT
│ │
│ ──────●──────
│ DOING
│
└────────────────────────▶
未来那个时间点,动作正在进行。
FUTURE PERFECT
NOW ACTION FUTURE POINT
│ │ │
│─────────────●────────────────│
FINISHED ↑
LOOK BACK
到未来那个时间点,动作已经完成。
一句话记忆
will be doing
未来某个时间正在做。
例如:
At 8, I’ll be studying.
will have done
到未来某个时间已经做完。
例如:
By 8, I’ll have finished studying.
最核心:
WILL BE DOING = IN PROGRESS AT A FUTURE TIME
WILL HAVE DONE = COMPLETED BEFORE A FUTURE TIME
可以直接记:
At 8 → will be doing
By 8 → will have done