英语梳理（母语者角度）

Appearance

Unit 20 — I’m going to (do) ​

A. I am going to do something ​

1. 基本含义 ​

I am going to do something = I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it.

也就是说：

be going to + 动词原形 = 已经决定要做某事 / 打算做某事

核心感觉：

已经有了决定或意图。

2. Are you going to eat anything? ​

‘Are you going to eat anything?’ ‘No, I’m not hungry.’

“你打算吃点什么吗？”

“不，我不饿。”

结构：

be + going to + 动词原形

例如：

are + going to + eat

3. What is she going to do? ​

A: I hear Sarah won the lottery. What is she going to do with the money?

我听说 Sarah 彩票中奖了。

她打算怎么处理这笔钱？

B: She’s going to buy a new car.

她打算买一辆新车。

这里：

is going to buy

表示：

她已经有了买车的打算。

4. I’m just going to make a quick phone call ​

I’m just going to make a quick phone call. Can you wait for me?

我打算快速打个电话。

你能等我一下吗？

5. 否定形式 ​

This cheese smells horrible. I’m not going to eat it.

这个奶酪闻起来太难闻了。

我不打算吃它。

结构：

am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形

例如：

I’m not going to eat it.

B. I am doing and I am going to do ​

这一部分重点比较：

I am doing

和：

I am going to do

6. I am doing = 已经安排好了 ​

I am doing = it is already fixed or arranged.

也就是说：

Present Continuous 表示已经确定、已经安排好的未来。

例如：

I’m leaving next week. I’ve booked my flight.

我下周要走。

我已经订好机票了。

这里：

I’m leaving

说明这件事已经有了具体安排。

7. What time are you meeting Emily? ​

What time are you meeting Emily this evening?

你今天晚上几点见 Emily？

这里使用：

are meeting

说明：

见 Emily 这件事情已经约好了。

8. I am going to do = 已经决定，但不一定安排好了 ​

I am going to do something = I’ve decided to do it. Maybe I’ve arranged to do it, maybe not.

也就是说：

going to 强调“已经决定 / 有这个打算”。

至于：

有没有具体安排

不一定。

9. I’m going to clean them ​

A: Your shoes are dirty.

你的鞋子脏了。

B: Yes, I know. I’m going to clean them.

是的，我知道。

我打算把它们擦干净。

这里：

going to clean

表示：

我已经决定要擦鞋。

但是：

并没有和其他人进行什么具体安排。

10. I’m going to look for somewhere else to stay ​

I don’t want to stay here. Tomorrow I’m going to look for somewhere else to stay.

我不想住在这里。

明天我打算找其他地方住。

这里强调：

已经有这个计划 / 意图

但不一定已经：

  • 预约
  • 订房
  • 安排时间

11. I am doing vs I am going to do ​

核心区别：

结构核心含义
I am doing已经确定 / 已经安排
I am going to do已经决定 / 打算做
arrangeddecided / intended
通常有具体安排不一定有具体安排

12. 一个非常重要的对比 ​

I don’t know what I’m doing tomorrow.

我不知道我明天有什么安排。

意思：

I don’t know my schedule or plans.

我不知道明天的日程安排。

I don’t know what I’m going to do about the problem.

我不知道我要怎么处理这个问题。

意思：

I haven’t decided what to do.

我还没有决定怎么办。

13. 两句话的思维区别 ​

I don’t know what I’m doing tomorrow. ​

重点：

schedule / arrangement

不知道明天安排了什么。

I don’t know what I’m going to do about the problem. ​

重点：

decision / intention

不知道应该怎么办，还没决定。

14. 很多情况下区别很小 ​

图片中特别说明：

Often the difference is small and either form is possible.

很多时候：

Present Continuous

和：

be going to

区别很小，两种形式都可能使用。

所以不要机械地认为：

一个绝对正确，一个绝对错误。

真正的区别主要是说话者想强调：

安排

还是：

决定 / 意图

15. 一个简单的判断方法 ​

如果你想表达：

“我已经约好了 / 安排好了。”

优先想到：

I am doing

例如：

I’m meeting Tom tomorrow.

如果你想表达：

“我已经决定了 / 我打算……”

优先想到：

I am going to do

例如：

I’m going to talk to Tom tomorrow.

C. Something is going to happen ​

16. going to 还可以表示预测 ​

除了：

打算做某事

going to 还有一个非常重要的用途：

something is going to happen

表示：

某件事情将要发生。

17. 这种预测的核心 ​

这种情况下：

现在的情况 / 证据

让我们能够判断：

未来很可能发生某件事。

可以理解成：

EVIDENCE NOW
     │
     ▼
going to
     │
     ▼
FUTURE RESULT

即：

现在有迹象 → 判断未来结果

18. He is going to walk into the wall ​

图片中的男人正在走路，但是没有看前面。

The man isn’t looking where he is going.

这个男人没有看他走的方向。

于是我们可以判断：

He is going to walk into the wall.

他要撞墙了。

为什么用：

is going to walk

因为：

现在的情况已经让未来结果非常明显。

19. 时间思维 ​

图片表达的是：

NOW                          FUTURE
 │                             │
 │       going to              │
 ├────────────────────────────▶│
 │                             │

walking towards wall walks into wall

现在：

他正朝墙走，而且没看路。

因此预测：

他马上要撞墙了。

20. Look at those black clouds ​

Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

看看那些乌云。

要下雨了。

为什么使用：

going to rain

因为：

we can see the clouds now

我们现在就能看到乌云。

所以：

现在有明显证据。

21. I think I’m going to be sick ​

I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

我感觉很难受。

我觉得我要吐了 / 我要生病了。

这里的依据是：

I feel terrible now.

我现在已经感觉非常不舒服。

所以预测：

接下来可能会吐 / 生病。

22. Things are going to get worse ​

The economic situation is bad now and things are going to get worse.

现在经济状况很糟，而且情况还会变得更糟。

这里：

are going to get worse

也是根据：

现在的情况

来判断未来。

23. going to 的两大核心用途 ​

到这里可以把 going to 分成两类：

用法核心
I’m going to do已经决定 / 打算做
Something is going to happen根据现在迹象预测未来

用法 1：人的意图 ​

I’m going to buy a car.

我打算买车。

逻辑：

DECISION NOW/BEFORE
        ↓
    FUTURE ACTION

用法 2：根据迹象预测 ​

It’s going to rain.

要下雨了。

逻辑：

EVIDENCE NOW
      ↓
FUTURE RESULT

D. I was going to do ​

24. was/were going to ​

I was going to do something = I intended to do it, but didn’t do it.

意思：

我本来打算做某事，但后来没有做。

结构：

was / were + going to + 动词原形

25. We were going to travel by train ​

We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to drive instead.

我们本来打算坐火车旅行，

但是后来决定改成开车。

这里：

were going to travel

表示：

原来的计划是坐火车。

但是：

最终没有这样做。

26. I was just going to cross the road ​

I was just going to cross the road when somebody shouted ‘Stop!’

我正准备过马路时，有人大喊：“停！”

这里：

was just going to

可以理解成：

正准备 / 正要……

27. something was going to happen ​

was/were going to 也可以用于：

过去看来某件事情马上要发生

但：

后来没有发生。

例如：

I thought it was going to rain, but it didn’t.

我原以为要下雨了，但是后来没下。

逻辑：

PAST
  │
  │  looked likely
  ▼
going to rain
  │
  X
didn't happen

28. am going to vs was going to ​

结构意思
I am going to do it.我打算做
I was going to do it.我本来打算做
It is going to rain.看起来要下雨
It was going to rain.当时看起来要下雨

29. 本页全部核心例句 ​

A — intention ​

‘Are you going to eat anything?’ ‘No, I’m not hungry.’

What is she going to do with the money?

She’s going to buy a new car.

I’m just going to make a quick phone call.

I’m not going to eat it.

B — I am doing vs I am going to do ​

I’m leaving next week. I’ve booked my flight.

What time are you meeting Emily this evening?

I’m going to clean them.

Tomorrow I’m going to look for somewhere else to stay.

I don’t know what I’m doing tomorrow.

I don’t know what I’m going to do about the problem.

C — prediction from present evidence ​

He is going to walk into the wall.

Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

The economic situation is bad now and things are going to get worse.

D — was/were going to ​

We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to drive instead.

I was just going to cross the road when somebody shouted ‘Stop!’

I thought it was going to rain, but it didn’t.

30. Unit 19 和 Unit 20 连起来理解 ​

上一单元学习的是：

I am doing

这一单元学习：

I am going to do

两者都可以表达未来，但是思维不同。

结构思维
I’m doing已经安排好了
I’m going to do已经决定了
I’ll do现在刚决定

31. 三种未来表达 ​

① I’m doing ​

I’m meeting Sarah tomorrow.

含义：

已经约好了。

关键词：

ARRANGEMENT

② I’m going to do ​

I’m going to call Sarah tomorrow.

含义：

我已经决定明天给她打电话。

关键词：

INTENTION / DECISION

③ I’ll do ​

Oh, I forgot Sarah. I’ll call her now.

含义：

现在这一刻刚决定。

关键词：

DECISION NOW

32. 时间线理解 ​

I’m doing ​

PAST          NOW                  FUTURE
  │            │                      │
arranged ──────┼────────────────────▶ action

以前已经安排好了

I’m going to do ​

PAST / NOW                         FUTURE
     │                                │
  decided ──────────────────────────▶ action

已经有决定 / 意图

I’ll do ​

              NOW                 FUTURE
               │                     │
            decide ────────────────▶ action

现在刚决定

33. going to 的结构 ​

肯定句 ​

Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb

例如：

I’m going to study tonight.

She’s going to buy a car.

They’re going to travel next week.

否定句 ​

Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb

例如：

I’m not going to eat it.

She isn’t going to come.

They aren’t going to stay.

一般疑问句 ​

Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + verb?

例如：

Are you going to eat?

Is she going to buy a car?

Are they going to come?

特殊疑问句 ​

Wh-word + am/is/are + subject + going to + verb?

例如：

What are you going to do?

Where are you going to stay?

When is she going to leave?

34. 最容易犯的错误 ​

going to 后面必须：

动词原形

正确：

I’m going to eat.

错误：

❌ I’m going to eating.

❌ I’m going to ate.

正确：

She’s going to buy a car.

错误：

❌ She’s going to buys a car.

❌ She’s going to buying a car.

35. 一个非常重要的区别 ​

注意：

I’m going to the cinema.

和：

I’m going to watch a film.

表面很像，但结构不同。

I’m going to the cinema. ​

这里：

go to + 地点

意思：

我正在 / 要去电影院。

to 是介词。

I’m going to watch a film. ​

这里：

be going to + verb

意思：

我打算看电影。

这里整个：

going to

构成未来表达。

36. 最终核心表 ​

形式核心含义Example
I’m doing已安排I’m meeting Tom tomorrow.
I’m going to do已决定 / 打算I’m going to call Tom.
I’ll do当场决定OK, I’ll call Tom.
It’s going to happen根据现在证据预测It’s going to rain.
I was going to do本来打算I was going to call Tom.

37. 一句话记忆 ​

I’m going to do ​

我已经决定要做，但不一定已经安排好。

I’m doing ​

事情已经具体安排好了。

It’s going to happen ​

现在已经有迹象，所以判断未来会发生。

I was going to do ​

我本来打算做，但后来没有做。

38. Unit 20 最核心的思维模型 ​

going to = 未来已经能从“现在”看出来

这个“看出来”有两种情况：

① 我的决定已经存在 ​

I’m going to buy a car.

现在已经有这个打算 → 未来买车

② 现在已经有明显迹象 ​

It’s going to rain.

现在已经有乌云 → 未来下雨

所以可以统一理解成：

NOW → going to → FUTURE

也就是：

现在已经存在某种决定、意图或迹象，由此指向未来。