Unit 47 — Reported speech 1

he said that ...

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A. Direct speech and Reported speech

1. Example situation

昨天你见到了 Paul，现在你想告诉别人 Paul 说了什么。

有两种表达方式。

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2. Direct speech：直接引语

你可以直接重复 Paul 的原话：

Paul said, “I’m feeling ill.”

Paul 说：

“我感觉不舒服。”

这里：

I’m feeling ill.

就是 Paul 当时说的原话。

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3. Reported speech：间接引语

你也可以转述 Paul 的话：

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

Paul 说他当时感觉不舒服。

这里没有直接重复 Paul 的原话，而是：

转述他说的内容。

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4. Direct vs Reported

Direct speech

Paul said, “I am feeling ill.”

Reported speech

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

变化：

Direct	Reported
I	he
am	was

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5. 为什么 I 变成 he？

Paul 自己说话的时候：

I

指的是：

Paul 自己。

但是我们转述 Paul 的话时：

Paul said that he ...

所以：

I → he

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6. 为什么 am 变成 was？

原话：

I am feeling ill.

转述：

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

因为：

said

是过去时，所以后面的时态通常也往过去移动。

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7. 书写 Direct speech 时使用引号

直接引语通常使用：

quotation marks

例如：

Paul said, “I’m feeling ill.”

间接引语则不使用引号：

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

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B. Reported speech 的时态变化

8. 主句通常使用过去时

在间接引语中，主句通常是：

said

或者：

told

例如：

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

I told Lisa that I didn’t have any money.

所以后面的句子：

通常也使用过去形式。

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9. that 可以省略

你可以说：

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

也可以说：

Paul said he was feeling ill.

两种都正确。

所以：

that 在 reported speech 中经常可以省略。

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10. 一般时态变化规则

一般来说：

Direct speech 中的现在时 ↓ Reported speech 中变成过去时

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11. am / is → was

直接引语：

I am tired.

间接引语：

He said that he was tired.

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12. are → were

直接：

My parents are fine.

间接：

She said that her parents were fine.

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13. do / does → did

直接：

I don’t have much free time.

间接：

She said that she didn’t have much free time.

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14. have / has → had

直接：

I have a problem.

间接：

He said that he had a problem.

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15. will → would

直接：

I will phone you.

间接：

She said that she would phone me.

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16. can → could

直接：

I can’t come to the party.

间接：

She said that she couldn’t come to the party.

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17. 普通动词过去化

例如：

Direct	Reported
want	wanted
like	liked
know	knew
go	went
get	got

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18. 时态变化总表

Direct speech	Reported speech
am / is	was
are	were
do / does	did
have / has	had
will	would
can	could
want	wanted
like	liked
know	knew
go	went

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19. Anna 的例子

你见到了 Anna。

她直接说：

I’ve lost my phone.

I want to buy a car.

I can’t come to the party on Friday.

I don’t have much free time.

My parents are fine.

I’m going away for a few days.

I’ll phone you when I get back.

后来你向别人转述 Anna 的话。

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20. I’ve lost → she had lost

直接引语：

I’ve lost my phone.

间接引语：

Anna said that she had lost her phone.

变化：

Direct	Reported
I	she
have lost	had lost
my	her

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21. want → wanted

直接：

I want to buy a car.

间接：

She said that she wanted to buy a car.

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22. can’t → couldn’t

直接：

I can’t come to the party on Friday.

间接：

She said that she couldn’t come to the party on Friday.

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23. don’t have → didn’t have

直接：

I don’t have much free time.

间接：

She said that she didn’t have much free time.

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24. are → were

直接：

My parents are fine.

间接：

She said that her parents were fine.

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25. am going → was going

直接：

I’m going away for a few days.

间接：

She said that she was going away for a few days.

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26. will → would

直接：

I’ll phone you when I get back.

间接：

She said that she would phone me when she got back.

变化：

Direct	Reported
I’ll	she would
you	me
I	she
get	got

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27. Anna 的完整对照表

Direct speech	Reported speech
I’ve lost my phone.	Anna said that she had lost her phone.
I want to buy a car.	She said that she wanted to buy a car.
I can’t come to the party.	She said that she couldn’t come to the party.
I don’t have much free time.	She said that she didn’t have much free time.
My parents are fine.	She said that her parents were fine.
I’m going away for a few days.	She said that she was going away for a few days.
I’ll phone you when I get back.	She said that she would phone me when she got back.

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28. 人称也需要跟着改变

Reported speech 不只是改变时态。

还经常需要改变：

• I
• you
• my
• your
• we
• our

因为说话者发生了变化。

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29. Example

Paul 原话：

I’m feeling ill.

Paul 自己说：

I

转述时：

Paul said that he was feeling ill.

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再例如：

Anna 原话：

I’ll phone you.

如果她当时是对你说：

间接引语：

She said that she would phone me.

所以：

you → me

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C. Past Simple in reported speech

30. Past Simple 可以保持不变

如果直接引语本来就是：

Past Simple

在 reported speech 中：

可以保持 Past Simple。

例如：

Direct

Paul said: “I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.”

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Reported

可以说：

Paul said that he woke up feeling ill, so he didn’t go to work.

这里：

woke up didn’t go

保持 Past Simple。

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31. Past Simple 也可以变成 Past Perfect

也可以说：

Paul said that he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work.

也就是：

Direct	Reported
woke up	woke up / had woken up
didn’t go	didn’t go / hadn’t gone

两种通常都可以。

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32. Past Simple → Past Perfect

所以：

Direct speech 中的 Past Simple

在 Reported speech 中可以：

保持 Past Simple

woke → woke

或者：

向后移动到 Past Perfect

woke → had woken

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33. Example 对比

Direct

“I saw Tom.”

Reported

可以说：

She said that she saw Tom.

也可以说：

She said that she had seen Tom.

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34. 为什么 Past Simple 可以不变？

因为：

动作本身已经明确发生在过去。

有时候继续变成：

Past Perfect

并不是必须的。

因此：

Past Simple 在间接引语中比较灵活。

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35. Direct speech 和 Reported speech 的核心区别

Direct speech

原话直接复制

例如：

Anna said, “I’m tired.”

特点：

• 使用引号
• 保留原来的人称
• 保留原来时态

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Reported speech

转述别人说的话

例如：

Anna said that she was tired.

特点：

• 通常没有引号
• 人称根据情况改变
• 时态通常向过去移动

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36. said 和 told

图片中出现：

Paul said that ...

以及：

I told Lisa that ...

这两个结构有重要区别。

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37. say

通常：

say + something

或者：

say that + clause

例如：

Paul said that he was tired.

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38. tell

通常：

tell + somebody + something

例如：

I told Lisa that I didn’t have any money.

所以：

tell 后面通常要有人。

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39. say vs tell

say	tell
say something	tell somebody something
say that ...	tell somebody that ...
He said that ...	He told me that ...

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40. 常见错误

错误：

❌ He said me that he was tired.

正确：

He told me that he was tired.

或者：

He said that he was tired.

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41. Reported speech 的基本公式

直接引语：

Someone said, “I am ...”

变间接引语：

Someone said that he/she was ...

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42. 时态“后移”模型

可以把 Reported speech 理解为：

站在后来的时间点，回头转述之前说的话。

例如：

PAST 1                       PAST 2 / NOW
Paul speaks                  You report it
    │                             │
    ▼                             ▼
"I am ill."             Paul said he was ill.

43. 常见时态后移

Direct speech	Reported speech
am / is	was
are	were
do / does	did
have / has	had
will	would
can	could

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44. Present Continuous

直接：

“I am working.” 间接： He said that he was working. 结构： am doing → was doing

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45. Present Perfect

直接：

“I have finished.” 间接： He said that he had finished. 结构： have done → had done

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46. will

直接：

“I will call you.” 间接： He said that he would call me. 结构： will do → would do

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47. can

直接：

“I can swim.” 间接： He said that he could swim. 结构： can → could

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48. 代词变化要根据实际人物判断

不能机械地背： I → he 因为说话者也可能是女性。 例如： Sarah 说：

“I’m tired.” 转述： Sarah said that she was tired. 所以： I → he / she 要根据原来的说话者判断。

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49. my 的变化

例如： Anna：

“I’ve lost my phone.” 转述： Anna said that she had lost her phone. 所以： my → her

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50. you 的变化

例如 Tom 对你说：

“I’ll call you.” 你后来转述： Tom said that he would call me. 这里： you → me 但是如果 Tom 当时对 Sarah 说： “I’ll call you.” 那么： Tom said that he would call Sarah. 所以： 代词变化必须根据上下文。

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51. 本页全部重点例句

A — Direct → Reported

Paul said, “I’m feeling ill.” Paul said that he was feeling ill.

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B — 基本 reported speech

Paul said that he was feeling ill. I told Lisa that I didn’t have any money. Paul said that he was feeling ill. Paul said he was feeling ill.

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Anna 的例子

Anna said that she had lost her phone. She said that she wanted to buy a car. She said that she couldn’t come to the party on Friday. She said that she didn’t have much free time. She said that her parents were fine. She said that she was going away for a few days and would phone me when she got back.

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C — Past Simple

Direct

Paul said: “I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.”

Reported — Past Simple

Paul said that he woke up feeling ill, so he didn’t go to work.

Reported — Past Perfect

Paul said that he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work.

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52. 最重要的时态表

Direct speech	Reported speech
am / is	was
are	were
am / is / are doing	was / were doing
do / does	did
have / has	had
have / has done	had done
will	would
can	could
did	did / had done

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53. 完整示例

Direct：

Tom said, “I am tired.” Reported： Tom said that he was tired.

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Direct：

Tom said, “I’m working.” Reported： Tom said that he was working.

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Direct：

Tom said, “I have finished.” Reported： Tom said that he had finished.

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Direct：

Tom said, “I will call you.” Reported： Tom said that he would call me.

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Direct：

Tom said, “I can help you.” Reported： Tom said that he could help me.

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54. 最终思维模型

Reported speech 主要检查三件事：

① 谁在说？

决定： I / he / she / they

② 说话对象是谁？

决定： you / me / him / her

③ 原话是什么时间？

决定是否进行： 时态后移

55. 一个简单转换步骤

例如：

Anna said, “I’m going away.”

Step 1：去掉引号

Anna said that ...

Step 2：改变人称

I → she

Step 3：时态后移

am going → was going 最终：

Anna said that she was going away.

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56. 另一个例子

直接：

Anna said, “I’ll phone you.”

Step 1

Anna said that ...

Step 2

I → she

Step 3

you → me

Step 4

will → would 最终：

Anna said that she would phone me.

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57. 最容易犯的错误

错误：

❌ Paul said that I was feeling ill. 如果是 Paul 自己生病： 正确： ✅ Paul said that he was feeling ill.

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错误：

❌ She said that she will call me. 在基本 reported speech 中通常是： ✅ She said that she would call me.

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错误：

❌ He told that he was tired. tell 后面需要人： ✅ He told me that he was tired. 或者： ✅ He said that he was tired.

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58. 一句话记忆

Direct speech

直接重复原话 例如：

Paul said, “I am ill.”

Reported speech

转述原话 例如：

Paul said that he was ill.

最常见的变化

• I → he / she
• am / is → was
• are → were
• have / has → had
• will → would
• can → could

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Unit 47 最核心总结

Reported Speech = 人称变化 + 时态通常后移

Present → Past

am / is       → was

are           → were

do / does     → did

have / has    → had

will          → would

can           → could

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

am working → was working

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

have finished → had finished

Past Simple

Past simple 可以：

保持 Past Simple

或者：

变成 Past Perfect

例如：

woke → woke / had woken

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最经典的四组

‘I am ill.’

→ He said that he was ill.

‘I have lost my phone.’

→ She said that she had lost her phone.

‘I will call you.’

→ She said that she would call me.

‘I can’t come.’

→ She said that she couldn’t come.

另外一定记住：

say that ...

但是：

tell somebody that ...

以及：

Past Simple 在 reported speech 中可以保持不变，也可以变成 Past Perfect。