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Unit 88 — all / all of, most / most of, no / none of etc.
核心主题
这一单元主要学习这些词:
all / some / any / most / much / many / (a) little / (a) few / no / none
重点是区分:
- 直接放在名词前
- 和 of 连用
- 和 it / us / you / them 连用
- 单独使用
A. all / some / any / most / much / many / (a) little / (a) few / no + noun
这些词可以直接放在名词前面。
例如:
All cars have wheels.
所有汽车都有轮子。
Some cars can go faster than others.
有些汽车比其他汽车跑得更快。
Many people drive too fast.
很多人开车太快。
I go away most weekends.
我大多数周末都会出去。
I feel really tired. I’ve got no energy.
我感觉非常累。 我一点精力都没有。
1. 直接放在名词前时,不加 of
例如:
some people
一些人
不能说:
some of people
同样:
all cars
不是:
all of cars
most people
不是:
most of people
所以:
some / all / most + 普通名词
通常直接连接,不需要:
of
2. 常见搭配
| 表达 | 名词类型 |
|---|---|
| all cars | 复数可数 |
| some people | 复数可数 |
| any money | 不可数 |
| most weekends | 复数可数 |
| much time | 不可数 |
| many books | 复数可数 |
| a little money | 不可数 |
| a few friends | 复数可数 |
| no energy | 不可数 |
B. some of / most of / none of ...
如果后面的名词前面有:
the
this / that
these / those
my / your / his / her / our / their
等限定词,
通常使用:
of
结构:
some of + the / my / these ... + noun
例如:
some of the people
这些人中的一些
some of those people
那些人中的一些
most of my time
我的大部分时间
most of the time
大部分时间
不能说:
some of people
也不能说:
most of time
3. some of the people
Some of the people I work with are very strange.
和我一起工作的人中,有些人很奇怪。
这里:
people I work with
是一个特定的人群,
所以使用:
some of
4. none of this money
None of this money is mine.
这些钱没有一部分是我的。
这里:
this money
是特定的钱。
所以:
none of this money
5. any of these books
Have you read any of these books?
这些书你读过其中任何一本吗?
6. most of the day
I was ill yesterday. I spent most of the day in bed.
我昨天生病了。 一天大部分时间都躺在床上。
7. all / half 后面的 of 可以省略
对:
all
和:
half
来说,
如果后面是:
the / my / this ... + noun
那么:
of 可以有,也可以没有。
例如:
All my friends live near here.
或者:
All of my friends live near here.
我的所有朋友都住在附近。
同样:
Half this money is mine.
或者:
Half of this money is mine.
这些钱有一半是我的。
all / all of 对比
all my friends
= all of my friends
all these books
= all of these books
all the students
= all of the students
两种都可以。
8. 泛指 vs 特指
这一部分非常重要。
泛指
All flowers are beautiful.
所有花都很漂亮。
这里:
all flowers
表示:
花这种东西整体
也就是:
flowers in general
特指
All (of) these flowers are beautiful.
这些花全都很漂亮。
这里:
these flowers
是特定的一组花。
9. most problems vs most of the problems
比较:
Most problems have a solution.
大多数问题都有解决办法。
这里:
most problems
= 大多数问题,一般意义上的问题
We were able to solve most of the problems we had.
我们解决了我们遇到的大多数问题。
这里:
the problems we had
是:
特定的一组问题
所以使用:
most of
核心规律
普通泛指名词
most + noun
例如:
most people
most problems
most days
特定范围
most of + the / my / these ...
例如:
most of the people
most of my friends
most of these books
C. all of / some of / none of + it / us / you / them
如果后面是代词:
it / us / you / them
那么必须使用:
of
不能省略。
结构:
all of + us
some of + them
any of + you
most of + it
none of + them
10. some of it
A: Do you like this music? B: Some of it. Not all of it.
A:你喜欢这些音乐吗? B:喜欢其中一些,不是全部。
11. none of them
A: How many of these people do you know? B: None of them. / A few of them.
A:这些人里你认识几个? B:一个都不认识。 / 认识几个。
12. any of you
Do any of you want to come to a party tonight?
你们中有人今晚想参加聚会吗?
这里:
you
指多个听众。
13. of 不能省略
正确:
All of us were late.
我们所有人都迟到了。
不能说:
All us were late.
正确:
I’ve only read half of it.
我只读了它的一半。
不能说:
half it
代词前必须有 of
| 正确 | 错误 |
|---|---|
| all of us | |
| some of them | |
| none of it | |
| most of you | |
| half of it |
D. some / most / half 等可以单独使用
如果前面的名词已经很明确,
我们可以省略名词。
例如:
Some cars have four doors and some have two.
有些汽车有四扇门,有些有两扇。
这里第二个:
some
= some cars
14. most 单独使用
A few of the shops were open, but most were closed.
少数商店开着,但大多数都关门了。
这里:
most
= most of the shops
也可以说:
most of them
15. half 单独使用
Half this money is mine, and half is yours.
这些钱一半是我的,一半是你的。
这里:
half
= half of it
不能说:
the half
some / most / none 的几种结构
直接 + 名词
some people
most students
no money
of + 特定名词
some of the people
most of my friends
none of these books
of + 代词
some of them
most of us
none of it
单独使用
Some are good.
Most are closed.
None are left.
no 和 none of 的区别
这也是一个非常重要的区别。
no + noun
No students came.
没有学生来。
这里:
no
直接修饰:
students
none of + 特定范围
None of the students came.
这些学生中,一个都没来。
这里强调:
某一个特定群体中的“一个都没有”。
对比
No students came.
泛指:
没有学生来。
None of the students came.
特指:
这些学生里没有一个来。
all 和 most 的区别
all
100%
全部、所有
例如:
All students passed.
所有学生都通过了。
most
大部分,但不是全部
例如:
Most students passed.
大多数学生通过了。
可能:
80%、90%
但不是:
100%
some / most / all / none 的数量感觉
可以这样理解:
all → 100%
most → 大多数
some → 一部分
a few → 少数几个
none → 0%
most 和 most of 最重要的区别
这是 Unit 88 的核心。
most + 普通名词
表示:
泛指
例如:
Most people like music.
大多数人喜欢音乐。
这里说:
一般意义上的人。
most of + 限定范围
表示:
某一特定群体中的大多数
例如:
Most of my friends like music.
我的朋友中,大多数喜欢音乐。
Most of the people here are students.
这里的人大多数是学生。
some 和 some of 也是一样
some people
Some people don’t like coffee.
有些人不喜欢咖啡。
泛指:
某些人。
some of the people
Some of the people at the party left early.
聚会上的一些人提前离开了。
这里有明确范围:
the people at the party
一个非常实用的判断方法
看到:
all / some / most / none
后面先看接的是什么。
① 直接是普通名词
通常:
不加 of
例如:
some people
most cars
all students
② 是 the / this / those / my 等限定词
通常:
加 of
例如:
some of the people
most of my friends
none of these books
但是:
all / half
是特殊的。
可以:
all my friends
也可以:
all of my friends
③ 是 it / us / you / them
必须:
加 of
例如:
all of us
most of them
none of it
不能省略。
Unit 88 核心表格
| 后面内容 | 结构 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 普通名词 | some + noun | some people |
| 普通名词 | most + noun | most students |
| 普通名词 | all + noun | all cars |
| 特定名词 | some of + the/my... | some of my friends |
| 特定名词 | most of + the/my... | most of the day |
| 特定名词 | none of + the/my... | none of these books |
| 代词 | 必须 + of | all of us |
| 代词 | 必须 + of | some of them |
| 代词 | 必须 + of | none of it |
| 名词已知 | 单独使用 | Most were closed. |
最容易犯的错误
错误 1:some of people
错误:
❌ some of people
正确:
✅ some people
或者:
✅ some of the people
区别在于:
people → 泛指
the people → 特指
错误 2:most of people
错误:
❌ most of people
正确:
✅ most people
大多数人
或者:
✅ most of the people
这些人中的大多数
错误 3:most of time
错误:
❌ most of time
正确:
✅ most of the time
大多数时候
或者:
✅ most of my time
我的大部分时间
错误 4:all us
错误:
❌ all us
正确:
✅ all of us
因为:
us
是代词,所以:
of 不能省略。
错误 5:half it
错误:
❌ half it
正确:
✅ half of it
Unit 88 最终思维模型
① 泛指整体
直接:
all / some / most + noun
例如:
All cars have wheels.
Some people like coffee.
Most students use computers.
② 特定群体中的一部分
使用:
some / most / none + of + the/my/these ...
例如:
Some of my friends
Most of the students
None of these books
③ 后面是代词
一定使用:
of
例如:
all of us
some of them
most of it
none of you
④ all / half 比较特殊
可以说:
all my friends
也可以:
all of my friends
可以说:
half this money
也可以:
half of this money
⑤ 名词已经明确时,可以省略
例如:
Some cars are cheap and some are expensive.
A few shops were open, but most were closed.
一句话记忆
普通名词前直接用 some / most / all;如果后面有 the / my / these 等限定范围,通常用 some of / most of / none of;如果后面是 it / us / you / them,则 of 一定不能省。
最典型的对比:
Most people like weekends. 大多数人喜欢周末。
Most of my friends like weekends. 我的朋友中大多数喜欢周末。
Most of them like weekends. 他们大多数喜欢周末。