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Unit 88 — all / all of, most / most of, no / none of etc.

核心主题

这一单元主要学习这些词:

all / some / any / most / much / many / (a) little / (a) few / no / none

重点是区分:

  • 直接放在名词前
  • of 连用
  • it / us / you / them 连用
  • 单独使用

A. all / some / any / most / much / many / (a) little / (a) few / no + noun

这些词可以直接放在名词前面。

例如:

All cars have wheels.

所有汽车都有轮子。


Some cars can go faster than others.

有些汽车比其他汽车跑得更快。


Many people drive too fast.

很多人开车太快。


I go away most weekends.

我大多数周末都会出去。


I feel really tired. I’ve got no energy.

我感觉非常累。 我一点精力都没有。


1. 直接放在名词前时,不加 of

例如:

some people

一些人

不能说:

some of people


同样:

all cars

不是:

all of cars


most people

不是:

most of people


所以:

some / all / most + 普通名词

通常直接连接,不需要:

of


2. 常见搭配

表达名词类型
all cars复数可数
some people复数可数
any money不可数
most weekends复数可数
much time不可数
many books复数可数
a little money不可数
a few friends复数可数
no energy不可数

B. some of / most of / none of ...

如果后面的名词前面有:

the

this / that

these / those

my / your / his / her / our / their

等限定词,

通常使用:

of

结构:

some of + the / my / these ... + noun


例如:

some of the people

这些人中的一些


some of those people

那些人中的一些


most of my time

我的大部分时间


most of the time

大部分时间


不能说:

some of people

也不能说:

most of time


3. some of the people

Some of the people I work with are very strange.

和我一起工作的人中,有些人很奇怪。

这里:

people I work with

是一个特定的人群,

所以使用:

some of


4. none of this money

None of this money is mine.

这些钱没有一部分是我的。

这里:

this money

是特定的钱。

所以:

none of this money


5. any of these books

Have you read any of these books?

这些书你读过其中任何一本吗?


6. most of the day

I was ill yesterday. I spent most of the day in bed.

我昨天生病了。 一天大部分时间都躺在床上。


7. all / half 后面的 of 可以省略

对:

all

和:

half

来说,

如果后面是:

the / my / this ... + noun

那么:

of 可以有,也可以没有。

例如:

All my friends live near here.

或者:

All of my friends live near here.

我的所有朋友都住在附近。


同样:

Half this money is mine.

或者:

Half of this money is mine.

这些钱有一半是我的。


all / all of 对比

all my friends

= all of my friends


all these books

= all of these books


all the students

= all of the students

两种都可以。


8. 泛指 vs 特指

这一部分非常重要。

泛指

All flowers are beautiful.

所有花都很漂亮。

这里:

all flowers

表示:

花这种东西整体

也就是:

flowers in general


特指

All (of) these flowers are beautiful.

这些花全都很漂亮。

这里:

these flowers

是特定的一组花。


9. most problems vs most of the problems

比较:

Most problems have a solution.

大多数问题都有解决办法。

这里:

most problems

= 大多数问题,一般意义上的问题


We were able to solve most of the problems we had.

我们解决了我们遇到的大多数问题。

这里:

the problems we had

是:

特定的一组问题

所以使用:

most of


核心规律

普通泛指名词

most + noun

例如:

most people

most problems

most days


特定范围

most of + the / my / these ...

例如:

most of the people

most of my friends

most of these books


C. all of / some of / none of + it / us / you / them

如果后面是代词:

it / us / you / them

那么必须使用:

of

不能省略。


结构:

all of + us

some of + them

any of + you

most of + it

none of + them


10. some of it

A: Do you like this music? B: Some of it. Not all of it.

A:你喜欢这些音乐吗? B:喜欢其中一些,不是全部。


11. none of them

A: How many of these people do you know? B: None of them. / A few of them.

A:这些人里你认识几个? B:一个都不认识。 / 认识几个。


12. any of you

Do any of you want to come to a party tonight?

你们中有人今晚想参加聚会吗?

这里:

you

指多个听众。


13. of 不能省略

正确:

All of us were late.

我们所有人都迟到了。

不能说:

All us were late.


正确:

I’ve only read half of it.

我只读了它的一半。

不能说:

half it


代词前必须有 of

正确错误
all of usall us
some of themsome them
none of itnone it
most of youmost you
half of ithalf it

D. some / most / half 等可以单独使用

如果前面的名词已经很明确,

我们可以省略名词。


例如:

Some cars have four doors and some have two.

有些汽车有四扇门,有些有两扇。

这里第二个:

some

= some cars


14. most 单独使用

A few of the shops were open, but most were closed.

少数商店开着,但大多数都关门了。

这里:

most

= most of the shops

也可以说:

most of them


15. half 单独使用

Half this money is mine, and half is yours.

这些钱一半是我的,一半是你的。

这里:

half

= half of it


不能说:

the half


some / most / none 的几种结构

直接 + 名词

some people

most students

no money


of + 特定名词

some of the people

most of my friends

none of these books


of + 代词

some of them

most of us

none of it


单独使用

Some are good.

Most are closed.

None are left.


no 和 none of 的区别

这也是一个非常重要的区别。

no + noun

No students came.

没有学生来。

这里:

no

直接修饰:

students


none of + 特定范围

None of the students came.

这些学生中,一个都没来。

这里强调:

某一个特定群体中的“一个都没有”。


对比

No students came.

泛指:

没有学生来。


None of the students came.

特指:

这些学生里没有一个来。


all 和 most 的区别

all

100%

全部、所有

例如:

All students passed.

所有学生都通过了。


most

大部分,但不是全部

例如:

Most students passed.

大多数学生通过了。

可能:

80%、90%

但不是:

100%


some / most / all / none 的数量感觉

可以这样理解:

all → 100%

most → 大多数

some → 一部分

a few → 少数几个

none → 0%


most 和 most of 最重要的区别

这是 Unit 88 的核心。

most + 普通名词

表示:

泛指

例如:

Most people like music.

大多数人喜欢音乐。

这里说:

一般意义上的人。


most of + 限定范围

表示:

某一特定群体中的大多数

例如:

Most of my friends like music.

我的朋友中,大多数喜欢音乐。


Most of the people here are students.

这里的人大多数是学生。


some 和 some of 也是一样

some people

Some people don’t like coffee.

有些人不喜欢咖啡。

泛指:

某些人。


some of the people

Some of the people at the party left early.

聚会上的一些人提前离开了。

这里有明确范围:

the people at the party


一个非常实用的判断方法

看到:

all / some / most / none

后面先看接的是什么。


① 直接是普通名词

通常:

不加 of

例如:

some people

most cars

all students


② 是 the / this / those / my 等限定词

通常:

加 of

例如:

some of the people

most of my friends

none of these books


但是:

all / half

是特殊的。

可以:

all my friends

也可以:

all of my friends


③ 是 it / us / you / them

必须:

加 of

例如:

all of us

most of them

none of it

不能省略。


Unit 88 核心表格

后面内容结构例子
普通名词some + nounsome people
普通名词most + nounmost students
普通名词all + nounall cars
特定名词some of + the/my...some of my friends
特定名词most of + the/my...most of the day
特定名词none of + the/my...none of these books
代词必须 + ofall of us
代词必须 + ofsome of them
代词必须 + ofnone of it
名词已知单独使用Most were closed.

最容易犯的错误

错误 1:some of people

错误:

❌ some of people

正确:

some people

或者:

some of the people

区别在于:

people → 泛指

the people → 特指


错误 2:most of people

错误:

❌ most of people

正确:

most people

大多数人

或者:

most of the people

这些人中的大多数


错误 3:most of time

错误:

❌ most of time

正确:

most of the time

大多数时候

或者:

most of my time

我的大部分时间


错误 4:all us

错误:

❌ all us

正确:

all of us

因为:

us

是代词,所以:

of 不能省略。


错误 5:half it

错误:

❌ half it

正确:

half of it


Unit 88 最终思维模型

① 泛指整体

直接:

all / some / most + noun

例如:

All cars have wheels.

Some people like coffee.

Most students use computers.


② 特定群体中的一部分

使用:

some / most / none + of + the/my/these ...

例如:

Some of my friends

Most of the students

None of these books


③ 后面是代词

一定使用:

of

例如:

all of us

some of them

most of it

none of you


④ all / half 比较特殊

可以说:

all my friends

也可以:

all of my friends

可以说:

half this money

也可以:

half of this money


⑤ 名词已经明确时,可以省略

例如:

Some cars are cheap and some are expensive.

A few shops were open, but most were closed.


一句话记忆

普通名词前直接用 some / most / all;如果后面有 the / my / these 等限定范围,通常用 some of / most of / none of;如果后面是 it / us / you / them,则 of 一定不能省。

最典型的对比:

Most people like weekends. 大多数人喜欢周末。

Most of my friends like weekends. 我的朋友中大多数喜欢周末。

Most of them like weekends. 他们大多数喜欢周末。