Appearance
Unit 60 — Preposition (in / for / about etc.) + -ing
A. 介词 + -ing
如果一个介词：
in / for / about / at / with / of / instead of / in spite of ...
后面跟动词，那么这个动词通常要变成：
-ing
1. 核心结构
preposition + verb-ing
例如：
| Sentence | Preposition | Verb (-ing) | Rest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Are you interested | in | working | for us? |
| I’m not good | at | learning | languages. |
| Kate must be fed up | with | studying | . |
| What are the advantages | of | having | a car? |
| Thanks very much | for | inviting | me to your party. |
| How | about | meeting | for lunch tomorrow? |
| Why don’t you go out | instead of | sitting | at home all the time? |
| Amy went to work | in spite of | feeling | ill. |
2. interested in doing
Are you interested in working for us?
你有兴趣为我们工作吗？
结构：
interested in + -ing
不是：
❌ interested in work
也不是：
❌ interested to work
3. good at doing
I’m not good at learning languages.
我不擅长学习语言。
结构：
good at + -ing
例如：
She’s good at drawing.
她擅长画画。
4. fed up with doing
Kate must be fed up with studying.
Kate 一定已经厌倦学习了。
结构：
fed up with + -ing
表示：
厌倦做某事。
5. advantages of doing
What are the advantages of having a car?
拥有一辆车有什么好处？
结构：
the advantages of + -ing
6. thank somebody for doing
Thanks very much for inviting me to your party.
非常感谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。
结构：
thank / thanks + for + -ing
例如：
Thank you for helping me.
谢谢你帮助我。
7. how about doing
How about meeting for lunch tomorrow?
明天一起吃午饭怎么样？
结构：
How about + -ing?
例如：
How about going to the cinema?
去电影院怎么样？
8. instead of doing
Why don’t you go out instead of sitting at home all the time?
你为什么不出去，而不是一直坐在家里？
结构：
instead of + -ing
表示：
而不是做……
9. in spite of doing
Amy went to work in spite of feeling ill.
尽管身体不舒服，Amy 还是去上班了。
结构：
in spite of + -ing
10. preposition + somebody + -ing
还可以使用：
preposition + somebody + doing
例如：
I’m fed up with people telling me what to do.
我受够了别人总是告诉我该做什么。
这里：
- with = 介词
- people = 动作执行者
- telling = -ing
结构：
with + somebody + doing
B. before -ing / after -ing
11. before doing
我们可以说：
before + -ing
例如：
Before going out, I phoned Sarah.
出门之前，我给 Sarah 打了电话。
不是：
❌ Before to go out
12. after doing
What did you do after leaving school?
你离开学校后做了什么？
结构：
after + -ing
13. before / after + clause 也可以
除了：
before going out
还可以说：
Before I went out, I phoned Sarah.
同样：
after leaving school
也可以：
after you left school
所以：
| -ing 结构 | 从句结构 |
|---|---|
| before going out | before I went out |
| after leaving school | after you left school |
14. before -ing / after -ing 核心
before + doing
after + doing
例如：
Wash your hands before eating.
吃饭前洗手。
I went home after finishing work.
下班后我回家了。
15. by -ing
by + -ing
用于表示：
某件事情是通过什么方式发生的
也就是：
how something happens
可以理解为：
通过做……
16. improve by reading
You can improve your English by reading more.
你可以通过多阅读来提高英语。
结构：
by + -ing
17. by not eating properly
She made herself ill by not eating properly.
她因为没有好好吃饭，把自己弄病了。
这里：
by not + -ing
表示：
通过“不做某事”。
18. by people driving too fast
Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.
很多事故是由于人们开车太快造成的。
结构：
by + somebody + -ing
19. by breaking ... and climbing ...
The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
窃贼通过打破窗户并爬进去进入了房子。
这里：
by breaking ...
和：
climbing ...
并列。
20. by -ing 思维
例如：
I learned English by watching videos.
意思：
我通过看视频学英语。
结构：
RESULT
↑
by
↑
doing
也就是：
“怎么做到的？”
回答：
by doing
21. without -ing
介词 without 后面也使用：
-ing
结构：
without + -ing
表示：
没有做某事 / 不做某事。
22. without stopping
We ran ten kilometres without stopping.
我们跑了十公里，没有停下来。
23. without thinking
It was a stupid thing to say. I said it without thinking.
那句话说得很蠢。
我是没经过思考就说出来的。
24. without somebody doing
She needs to work without people disturbing her.
她需要在没有别人打扰她的情况下工作。
结构：
without + somebody + -ing
25. without being done
也可以使用被动：
... without being disturbed.
不被打扰。
结构：
without + being + past participle
26. without having to do
I have enough problems of my own without having to worry about yours.
我自己的问题已经够多了，没必要还得担心你的问题。
结构：
without having to + verb
27. without 的几种结构
| Structure | Example |
|---|---|
| without + -ing | without stopping |
| without + somebody + -ing | without people disturbing her |
| without + being + V3 | without being disturbed |
| without + having to do | without having to worry |
C. to + -ing
28. to 不一定是不定式标记
这是本单元最重要的地方之一。
我们经常看到：
to + infinitive
例如：
to travel
to meet
例如：
We decided to travel by train.
我们决定坐火车旅行。
这里的：
to
是不定式标记。
后面：
动词原形
Would you like to meet for lunch tomorrow?
你明天想一起吃午饭吗？
这里也是：
to + infinitive
29. 但是 to 也可以是介词
to 有时不是不定式标记，而是：
preposition
和：
- in
- for
- about
- with
一样。
例如：
We went from Paris to Geneva.
我们从巴黎去了日内瓦。
I prefer tea to coffee.
比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。
Are you looking forward to the weekend?
你期待周末吗？
这里：
to + noun
所以：
to明显是介词。
30. 介词 to + 动词时，要用 -ing
如果 to 是：
preposition
而后面跟的是一个动词，那么这个动词要变成：
-ing
所以：
to + -ing
31. fed up with travelling
图片先再次提醒：
If we use a preposition + verb, the verb ends in -ing.
例如：
I’m fed up with travelling by train.
我受够了坐火车旅行。
32. how about going
How about going away this weekend?
这个周末出去玩怎么样？
因为：
about = preposition
所以：
going
33. prefer doing to doing
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
比起坐火车，我更喜欢开车。
注意这里：
to
是介词。
所以：
to + travelling
不是：
❌ to travel
结构：
prefer doing A to doing B
34. look forward to doing
Are you looking forward to going on holiday?
你期待去度假吗？
不是：
❌ looking forward to go
因为：
look forward to
中的 to：
是介词。
所以必须：
to + -ing
35. look forward to 的结构
look forward to + noun
例如：
I’m looking forward to the weekend.
我很期待周末。
如果后面是动词：
look forward to + -ing
例如：
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
我期待见到你。
36. to do vs to doing
这是非常重要的区别。
to + infinitive
这里：
to= 不定式标记
结构：
to + V1
例如：
decide to go
want to eat
hope to see
to + -ing
这里：
to= 介词
结构：
to + -ing
例如：
look forward to seeing
prefer driving to travelling
37. 如何判断 to 后面用 do 还是 doing？
关键不是看见 to 就决定。
而是要问：
这个 to 是不定式标记，还是介词？
如果是不定式标记
使用：
to + V1
例如：
I want to go.
I decided to leave.
I hope to see you.
如果是介词
使用：
to + noun / -ing
例如：
I’m looking forward to the holiday.
或者：
I’m looking forward to going on holiday.
38. 本单元图片中的完整例句
A
Are you interested in working for us?
I’m not good at learning languages.
Kate must be fed up with studying.
What are the advantages of having a car?
Thanks very much for inviting me to your party.
How about meeting for lunch tomorrow?
Why don’t you go out instead of sitting at home all the time?
Amy went to work in spite of feeling ill.
I’m fed up with people telling me what to do.
B — before / after
Before going out, I phoned Sarah.
What did you do after leaving school?
B — by
You can improve your English by reading more.
She made herself ill by not eating properly.
Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.
The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
B — without
We ran ten kilometres without stopping.
I said it without thinking.
She needs to work without people disturbing her.
or:
... without being disturbed.
I have enough problems of my own without having to worry about yours.
C
We decided to travel by train.
Would you like to meet for lunch tomorrow?
We went from Paris to Geneva.
I prefer tea to coffee.
Are you looking forward to the weekend?
I’m fed up with travelling by train.
How about going away this weekend?
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
Are you looking forward to going on holiday?
39. 常见介词 + -ing 结构
| Expression | Example |
|---|---|
| interested in | interested in learning |
| good at | good at drawing |
| fed up with | fed up with waiting |
| advantages of | advantages of living here |
| thank somebody for | thank you for helping |
| how about | how about going |
| instead of | instead of staying |
| in spite of | in spite of feeling tired |
| before | before leaving |
| after | after finishing |
| by | by doing |
| without | without saying |
| look forward to | look forward to seeing |
40. 最常见错误
错误：
❌ I’m interested in learn English.
正确：
I’m interested in learning English.
错误：
❌ She is good at cook.
正确：
She is good at cooking.
错误：
❌ Thank you for help me.
正确：
Thank you for helping me.
错误：
❌ How about to go out?
正确：
How about going out?
错误：
❌ Before to leave, call me.
正确：
Before leaving, call me.
错误：
❌ I’m looking forward to see you.
正确：
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
41. 为什么 looking forward to seeing 正确？
很多学习者看到：
to
第一反应：
后面接动词原形。
但是：
look forward to
是一个整体。
这里：
to是介词。
介词后面必须：
noun / pronoun / -ing
所以：
look forward to the holiday
look forward to it
look forward to seeing you
42. 和 Unit 59 的联系
上一单元学习：
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
为什么第二个使用：
travelling
因为：
to是介词。
结构：
prefer A to B
所以：
prefer driving to travelling
43. to 的两个身份
| to 的身份 | 后面结构 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive marker | to + V1 | want to go |
| preposition | to + noun/-ing | look forward to going |
这是判断：
to go
还是：
to going
的关键。
44. 最终思维模型：介词后面一定想到 -ing
如果你看到：
in
at
for
about
with
of
by
without
before
after
instead of
in spite of
↓
+ VERB
↓
-ING
例如：
interested in learning
good at speaking
thanks for helping
without stopping
45. by doing 思维模型
How?
↓
By doing ...
例如：
How did you improve your English?
回答：
By practising every day.
46. without doing 思维模型
ACTION A
↓
but ACTION B
does NOT happen
例如：
He left without saying goodbye.
他离开了：
但是没有说再见。
47. to doing 思维模型
不要看到：
to
就立刻认为：
to + V1
先判断：
TO
↓
Is it infinitive?
↙ ↘
YES NO
↓ ↓
to do preposition ↓ to doing
例如：
want to go
但是：
look forward to going
48. Unit 60 核心公式
普通介词
preposition + -ing
例如：
interested in working
before / after
before + -ing
after + -ing
方法
by + -ing
没有做
without + -ing
to 是介词时
to + -ing
例如：
look forward to seeing
prefer driving to travelling
49. 一句话记住 Unit 60
介词后面如果接动词，动词通常变成 -ing。
所以：
in doing
at doing
for doing
about doing
with doing
by doing
without doing
before doing
after doing
以及最容易出错的：
look forward to doing
因为这里：
to 是介词，不是不定式标记。
最核心的判断：
to + V1 →
to是不定式标记
to + -ing →
to是介词