Appearance
Unit 44 — Passive 3
A. I was offered ... / we were given ...
1. 有些动词可以有两个宾语
有些动词可以同时带：
- 人
- 物
例如：
My grandfather gave me this watch.
我祖父把这块手表送给了我。
这里：
| 成分 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| Object 1 | me |
| Object 2 | this watch |
2. 一个主动句可以变成两种被动句
主动句：
My grandfather gave me this watch.
可以变成：
I was given this watch by my grandfather.
我被祖父送了这块手表。
也可以说：
This watch was given to me by my grandfather.
这块手表是我祖父送给我的。
3. 两种被动方式
| 方式 | Example |
|---|---|
| 人作主语 | I was given this watch. |
| 物作主语 | This watch was given to me. |
英语里，当动词有两个宾语时：
通常更常把“人”放到被动句的主语位置。
4. 可以有两个宾语的常见动词
图片中列出的动词：
- ask
- offer
- pay
- show
- tell
以及前面的：
- give
5. offer
I’ve been offered the job, but I don’t think I want it.
有人已经把这份工作提供给我了，但我觉得我不想要。
主动可以理解成：
Somebody has offered me the job.
被动：
I have been offered the job.
6. give
You will be given plenty of time to decide.
你会有充足的时间来做决定。
主动：
We will give you plenty of time.
被动：
You will be given plenty of time.
7. show
I didn’t see the original document, but I was shown a copy.
我没有看到原始文件，但是有人给我看了一份副本。
主动：
Somebody showed me a copy.
被动：
I was shown a copy.
8. pay
Tim has an easy job — he’s paid a lot of money to do very little.
Tim 的工作很轻松——他做很少的事情，却拿很多钱。
主动可以理解成：
Somebody pays him a lot of money.
被动：
He is paid a lot of money.
9. 双宾语被动的核心结构
主动：
Subject + Verb + Person + Thing
例如：
Somebody gave me a book.
被动 1：
Person + be + past participle + Thing
例如：
I was given a book.
被动 2：
Thing + be + past participle + to + Person
例如：
A book was given to me.
B. I don’t like being ...
10. doing 的被动形式
主动：
doing / seeing
对应的被动形式：
being done / being seen
也就是：
being + past participle
11. telling me → being told
主动：
I don’t like people telling me what to do.
我不喜欢别人告诉我该做什么。
被动：
I don’t like being told what to do.
我不喜欢被别人指挥 / 告诉我该做什么。
12. 结构对比
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| people telling me | being told |
| somebody taking me | being taken |
| people keeping him | being kept |
| anybody seeing us | being seen |
13. I remember being taken ...
I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child.
我记得小时候有人带我去动物园。
意思相当于：
I remember somebody taking me to the zoo.
14. being kept waiting
Steve hates being kept waiting.
Steve 讨厌被别人晾着等。
意思相当于：
He hates people keeping him waiting.
这里：
keep somebody waiting
= 让某人一直等。
被动：
be kept waiting
= 被迫一直等。
15. without being seen
We climbed over the wall without being seen.
我们翻过了墙，没有被任何人看到。
相当于：
without anybody seeing us
16. being done 的核心
being + past participle
表示：
被……这件事
例如：
being told 被告知
being taken 被带走 / 被带去
being seen 被看见
being kept waiting 被让着等
C. I was born ...
17. 出生通常说 was/were born
我们说：
I was born ...
不是：
❌ I am born ...
因为出生是：
已经发生在过去的一件事情。
18. I was born in Chicago
I was born in Chicago.
我出生在芝加哥。
结构：
was born
19. Where were you born?
Where were you born?
你出生在哪里？
不是：
❌ Where are you born?
因为：
对具体某个人来说，“出生”已经发生在过去。
所以使用：
was / were born
20. 但可以说 babies are born
How many babies are born every day?
每天有多少婴儿出生？
这里为什么使用：
are born
因为这里不是说：
某一个已经出生的人
而是在描述：
每天都会发生的一般事实。
所以：
Present Simple Passive
21. was born vs are born
| 情况 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 某个人的出生 | was/were born |
| 一般事实 | am/is/are born |
例如：
I was born in 1990.
我出生于 1990 年。
Thousands of babies are born every day.
每天有成千上万的婴儿出生。
D. get
22. get 也可以用于被动语态
除了：
be + past participle
英语中有时还可以使用：
get + past participle
例如：
nobody got hurt
= nobody was hurt
23. got hurt
There was a fight, but nobody got hurt.
发生了一场打斗，但是没有人受伤。
这里：
got hurt
≈
was hurt
24. get invited
I don’t get invited to many parties.
我不太常被邀请参加聚会。
相当于：
I’m not invited to many parties.
25. didn’t get offered
I’m surprised Liz didn’t get offered the job.
我很惊讶 Liz 没有得到那份工作的 offer。
相当于：
Liz wasn’t offered the job.
26. get passive 的核心
get + past participle
可以表达：
某件事情“发生在某人身上”。
例如：
- get hurt
- get invited
- get offered
- get caught
- get damaged
- get fired
27. get 不是所有被动句都可以用
图片特别说明：
We use get only when things happen.
也就是说：
get 被动通常强调一个事件、变化或发生的事情。
如果只是：
状态 / 一般事实
通常不用 get。
28. 不能说 gets liked
正确：
Jessica is liked by everybody.
Jessica 每个人都喜欢。
不自然：
❌ Jessica gets liked by everybody.
因为：
being liked
在这里是一种长期状态，
不是某个突然发生的事件。
29. 不能说 got known
正确：
Peter was a mystery man. Very little was known about him.
Peter 是个神秘人物。
关于他的事情几乎没人知道。
不说：
❌ Very little got known about him.
因为：
known
这里表达的是一种状态。
30. get passive vs be passive
| be passive | get passive |
|---|---|
| 所有情况都可以使用 | 主要用于“事情发生” |
| 正式、普通 | 更口语化 |
| He was hurt. | He got hurt. |
| She was invited. | She got invited. |
31. get 更常用于非正式口语
图片说明：
We use get mainly in informal spoken English.
也就是：
get 被动在日常口语中很常见。
而：
be
可以在：
- 正式英语
- 书面英语
- 口语
所有场景中使用。
32. get + past participle 有些并不是被动含义
图片还列出了几个常见的：
get + past participle
表达。
它们形式上像被动，
但实际通常作为固定表达使用。
33. get married
get married
结婚
例如：
They got married last year.
他们去年结婚了。
34. get divorced
get divorced
离婚
例如：
They got divorced two years later.
两年后他们离婚了。
35. get dressed
get dressed
穿好衣服
例如：
I got up and got dressed.
我起床后穿好了衣服。
这里不是：
“被别人穿衣服”
而是：
自己穿衣服。
36. get changed
get changed
换衣服
例如：
I need to get changed before dinner.
晚饭前我需要换衣服。
37. get lost
get lost
迷路
图片解释：
= not know where you are
也就是：
不知道自己在哪里。
例如：
We got lost on the way home.
我们回家的路上迷路了。
38. 图片中的全部重点例句
A — Two objects
My grandfather gave me this watch.
I was given this watch by my grandfather.
This watch was given to me by my grandfather.
I’ve been offered the job, but I don’t think I want it.
You will be given plenty of time to decide.
I was shown a copy.
He’s paid a lot of money to do very little.
B — being done
I don’t like people telling me what to do.
I don’t like being told what to do.
I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child.
Steve hates being kept waiting.
We climbed over the wall without being seen.
C — born
I was born in Chicago.
Where were you born?
How many babies are born every day?
D — get
There was a fight, but nobody got hurt.
I don’t get invited to many parties.
Liz didn’t get offered the job.
Jessica is liked by everybody.
Very little was known about him.
固定表达：
- get married
- get divorced
- get dressed
- get changed
- get lost
39. 双宾语动词的思维
例如：
Somebody gave me a watch.
这里有：
me
和：
a watch
两个宾语。
所以可以选择：
把人作为主语
I was given a watch.
这是英语中：
更常见、更自然的表达。
把物作为主语
A watch was given to me.
也正确。
但必须注意：
give something to somebody
所以要有：
to me
40. 双宾语被动总结
| Active | Passive 1 | Passive 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Somebody gave me a watch. | I was given a watch. | A watch was given to me. |
| Somebody showed me a photo. | I was shown a photo. | A photo was shown to me. |
| Somebody offered me a job. | I was offered a job. | A job was offered to me. |
通常优先使用：
Person + Passive Verb + Thing
41. being + V3 的思维
Unit 43 学过：
is being cleaned
= 正在被打扫
但本单元的：
being told
不是完整进行时。
它是：
被告知这件事
相当于把被动语态：
be told
变成：
being told
用作名词性质的 -ing 结构。
42. doing vs being done
| Active -ing | Passive -ing |
|---|---|
| doing | being done |
| seeing | being seen |
| telling | being told |
| taking | being taken |
例如：
I hate people watching me.
我讨厌别人看着我。
变成：
I hate being watched.
我讨厌被别人盯着看。
43. get 与 be 的语感区别
be
He was hurt in the accident.
他在事故中受伤。
比较：
中性地描述事实。
get
He got hurt in the accident.
他在事故中受伤了。
更像：
“发生了受伤这件事。”
所以 get 往往：
更有“事情发生 / 状态发生改变”的感觉。
44. get 的时间变化
get 自己也可以变化时态。
Present
I get invited sometimes.
我有时会被邀请。
Past
I got invited yesterday.
我昨天被邀请了。
Future
You might get invited.
你可能会被邀请。
Perfect
He has got hurt before.
他以前受过伤。
核心仍然是：
get + V3
45. 本单元和 Unit 42–43 的关系
Unit 42
基础被动：
is done / was done
Unit 43
扩展：
be done / been done / being done
Unit 44
进一步学习：
- 双宾语的被动
- being done 作为 -ing 结构
- be born
- get + V3 被动
46. 被动语态体系
| 类型 | Example |
|---|---|
| 一般被动 | is done |
| 过去被动 | was done |
| 将来 / 情态 | will be done |
| 完成被动 | has been done |
| 进行被动 | is being done |
| -ing 被动 | being done |
| 双宾语被动 | I was given something |
| get 被动 | I got hurt |
47. 最容易混淆的一组
I was given ...
有人给了我……
例如：
I was given a watch.
It was given to me
某物被给了我
例如：
The watch was given to me.
两句：
意思基本相同
但是：
句子的关注中心不同。
48. 第二组容易混淆的结构
is being done
正在被做
这是：
Present Continuous Passive
例如：
The car is being repaired.
车正在被修。
being done
被做这件事
通常出现在：
- like
- hate
- remember
- without
等后面。
例如：
I hate being told what to do.
我讨厌被别人指挥。
49. 第三组容易混淆的结构
was born
某人出生于……
例如：
I was born in Shanghai.
are born
一般意义上的“出生”
例如：
Millions of babies are born every year.
50. 第四组容易混淆的结构
was hurt
被弄伤 / 受伤
普通被动。
got hurt
受伤了
更口语，更强调：
事情发生。
51. 最终结构表
| 想表达 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 我被给了…… | I was given ... |
| 某物被给我 | Something was given to me. |
| 被告知 | being told |
| 被带去 | being taken |
| 被看到 | being seen |
| 我出生于…… | I was born ... |
| 被弄伤 | get hurt / be hurt |
| 被邀请 | get invited / be invited |
| 结婚 | get married |
| 离婚 | get divorced |
| 穿衣 | get dressed |
| 换衣服 | get changed |
| 迷路 | get lost |
52. 最终思维模型
双宾语被动
Somebody gave me a watch.
可以把：
me
提到前面：
I was given a watch.
也可以把：
a watch
提到前面：
A watch was given to me.
being done
主动：
somebody doing something to me
转成被动：
being done
例如：
people telling me ↓ being told
get passive
普通被动：
I was hurt.
口语、强调事情发生：
I got hurt.
一句话记忆
I was given something
我被给了某样东西。
Something was given to me
某样东西被给了我。
being done
被做这件事情
例如：
I hate being told what to do.
was born
某个人出生
例如：
I was born in Shanghai.
get + V3
某件事情发生在某人身上
例如：
I got hurt.
Unit 44 最核心总结
双宾语动词可以有两种被动形式
例如：
Somebody gave me a watch. ↓ I was given a watch. ↓ A watch was given to me.
以及：
doing → being done
I was born = 我出生于……
get + V3 = 更口语化、强调事情发生的被动形式
最值得直接记住的四句：
I was given a watch.
I don’t like being told what to do.
I was born in Chicago.
Nobody got hurt.