Appearance
Unit 83 — a friend of mine / my own house / on my own / by myself
核心主题
这一单元主要学习四组非常实用的表达:
- a friend of mine:我的一个朋友
- my own ...:我自己的……
- do something + my own ...:自己做,而不是让别人做
- on my own / by myself:独自、一个人
A. a friend of mine / a friend of yours etc.
1. 基本结构
我们可以说:
a friend of mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs
例如:
a friend of mine
意思是:
one of my friends
也就是:
我的朋友中的一个 我的一个朋友
2. 为什么是 mine,而不是 me?
正确:
a friend of mine
不说:
a friend of me
因为这里使用的是名词性物主代词:
| 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 |
|---|---|
| my | mine |
| your | yours |
| his | his |
| her | hers |
| our | ours |
| their | theirs |
所以:
a friend of mine
a friend of yours
a friend of his
a friend of hers
a friend of ours
a friend of theirs
3. 例句
I’m going to a wedding on Saturday. A friend of mine is getting married.
我星期六要去参加婚礼。 我的一个朋友要结婚了。
不能说:
a friend of me
We went on holiday with some friends of ours.
我们和我们的几个朋友一起去度假了。
不能说:
some friends of us
Harry had an argument with a neighbour of his.
Harry 和他的一个邻居吵了一架。
这里:
a neighbour of his = one of his neighbours
It was a good idea of yours to go to the cinema.
去电影院是你的一个好主意。
这里:
a good idea of yours
可以理解为:
one of your good ideas
4. 名词所有格也可以使用这个结构
同样可以说:
a friend of my sister’s
意思是:
one of my sister’s friends
我姐姐 / 妹妹的一个朋友。
例如:
That woman over there is a friend of my sister’s.
那边那个女人是我姐姐 / 妹妹的一个朋友。
还可以说:
a friend of Tom’s
Tom 的一个朋友。
It was a good idea of Tom’s to go to the cinema.
去电影院是 Tom 的一个好主意。
5. 常见结构总结
a/an + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词
例如:
a friend of mine
a neighbour of his
a colleague of hers
some friends of ours
a relative of theirs
或者:
a/an + 名词 + of + 名词所有格
例如:
a friend of Tom’s
a friend of my brother’s
a colleague of Sarah’s
B. my own / your own / his own ...
6. 基本结构
我们说:
my own
your own
his own
her own
its own
our own
their own
通常结构是:
物主代词 + own + 名词
例如:
my own house
我自己的房子
your own car
你自己的车
her own room
她自己的房间
不能说:
an own house
an own car
own 前面通常需要:
my / your / his / her / our / their
7. own 的核心意思
my own / your own ...
表示某样东西:
only mine / yours
也就是:
属于自己,而不是与别人共用或向别人借来的。
my own room
I don’t want to share a room with anybody. I want my own room.
我不想和任何人共用一个房间。 我想要自己的房间。
这里重点是:
不和别人共享。
their own house
Vicky and Gary would like to have their own house.
Vicky 和 Gary 想拥有属于他们自己的房子。
its own parking space
It’s a shame that the apartment hasn’t got its own parking space.
很遗憾,这套公寓没有自己的停车位。
这里:
its = the apartment’s
my own fault
It’s my own fault that I have no money.
我没钱完全是我自己的错。
I buy too many things I don’t need.
我买了太多自己不需要的东西。
8. own 可以省略后面的名词
例如:
Why do you want to borrow my car? Why don’t you use your own?
你为什么要借我的车? 为什么不用你自己的车?
这里:
your own = your own car
因为前面已经出现:
car
所以后面可以省略。
类似:
This isn’t my phone. I have my own.
这不是我的手机,我有自己的。
9. a room of my own
还可以使用:
a room of my own
意思仍然是:
一个属于我自己的房间
例如:
I’d like to have a room of my own.
我想拥有一个属于自己的房间。
同样:
a house of your own
一套你自己的房子
problems of his own
他自己的问题
例如:
He won’t be able to help you with your problems. He has too many problems of his own.
他没办法帮你解决你的问题。 他自己就有太多问题。
my own room vs a room of my own
两种都正确:
my own room
a room of my own
都可以表示:
我自己的房间
结构不同:
my own + noun
或者:
a/an + noun + of my own
C. He cuts his own hair
own 的另一种重要用法
我们还可以使用:
own
表示:
某件事情是自己做的,而不是让别人替自己做。
10. cut his own hair
Paul usually cuts his own hair.
Paul 通常自己给自己剪头发。
也就是:
He cuts it himself.
他自己剪,而不是让别人给他剪。
这里:
his own hair
重点不是简单地说:
这是他的头发
而是强调:
他自己处理自己的头发。
11. grow my own vegetables
I’d like to have a garden so that I could grow my own vegetables.
我想有一个花园,这样我就可以自己种蔬菜。
这里:
grow my own vegetables
表示:
自己种蔬菜,而不是从商店购买。
也就是:
grow them myself instead of buying them from shops
own 的两种核心含义
含义 1:属于自己
I want my own room.
我想要属于自己的房间。
重点:
不共享、不借别人的。
含义 2:自己做 / 自己生产
I grow my own vegetables.
我自己种蔬菜。
重点:
不是买来的。
He cuts his own hair.
他自己剪头发。
重点:
不是别人给他剪。
D. on my own / by myself
这是这一单元非常重要的一组表达。
12. 两者基本意思相同
on my own
和:
by myself
都可以表示:
alone
也就是:
独自 / 一个人
13. on my own 的变化
结构:
on + 物主代词 + own
| 人称 | 表达 |
|---|---|
| I | on my own |
| you | on your own |
| he | on his own |
| she | on her own |
| it | on its own |
| we | on our own |
| they | on their own |
14. by myself 的变化
结构:
by + 反身代词
| 人称 | 表达 |
|---|---|
| I | by myself |
| you | by yourself |
| he | by himself |
| she | by herself |
| it | by itself |
| we | by ourselves |
| you | by yourselves |
| they | by themselves |
15. on my own = by myself
例如:
I like living on my own.
我喜欢一个人生活。
也可以说:
I like living by myself.
我喜欢独自生活。
两句话基本相同。
16. on their own = by themselves
Some people prefer to live on their own.
有些人喜欢独自生活。
也可以说:
Some people prefer to live by themselves.
17. on his own = by himself
Jack was sitting on his own in a corner of the cafe.
Jack 一个人坐在咖啡馆的一个角落里。
也可以说:
Jack was sitting by himself in a corner of the cafe.
18. on your own = by yourself
Did you go on holiday on your own?
你是一个人去度假的吗?
也可以说:
Did you go on holiday by yourself?
on my own / by myself 与 myself 的区别
这一点要和 Unit 82 联系起来。
myself
表示:
我自己亲自做
例如:
I repaired the computer myself.
电脑是我自己修的。
重点:
不是别人修的。
by myself
表示:
我独自一个人
例如:
I repaired the computer by myself.
我独自一个人修了电脑。
重点:
没有别人帮我。
on my own
也可以表示:
我独自完成,没有别人帮忙
例如:
I repaired the computer on my own.
我独自把电脑修好了。
重点:
我靠自己完成。
三者对比
I did it myself.
是我自己亲自做的。 → 不是别人做的。
I did it by myself.
我一个人做的。 → 没有人和我一起做。
I did it on my own.
我独立完成的。 → 没有人帮助我。
在很多场景里:
by myself
和:
on my own
意思非常接近。
own 的几个核心结构
| 结构 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| a friend of mine | 我的一个朋友 | A friend of mine called me. |
| my own + noun | 我自己的…… | I want my own room. |
| a noun of my own | 一个属于我自己的…… | I want a room of my own. |
| do my own ... | 自己做…… | I cut my own hair. |
| on my own | 独自 / 独立地 | I live on my own. |
| by myself | 独自 / 一个人 | I live by myself. |
| myself | 我本人亲自 | I fixed it myself. |
最容易犯的错误
错误 1:a friend of me
错误:
❌ a friend of me
正确:
✅ a friend of mine
类似:
❌ a friend of her
✅ a friend of hers
❌ some friends of us
✅ some friends of ours
错误 2:an own house
错误:
❌ I want an own house.
正确:
✅ I want my own house.
或者:
✅ I want a house of my own.
错误 3:myself 和 by myself 混淆
I went to the cinema myself.
可以理解为:
我本人亲自去了电影院。
强调“是我本人”。
但是如果想表达:
我一个人去电影院。
更自然的是:
I went to the cinema by myself.
或者:
I went to the cinema on my own.
错误 4:on myself
如果想表达:
我一个人 / 独自
不能说:
❌ on myself
应该说:
✅ on my own
或者:
✅ by myself
Unit 83 最终思维模型
① “我的一个……”
使用:
a + noun + of mine
例如:
a friend of mine
我的一个朋友。
a neighbour of mine
我的一个邻居。
核心:
one of my ...
② “属于我自己的……”
使用:
my own + noun
例如:
my own house
我自己的房子。
my own room
我自己的房间。
强调:
不共享、不借别人的。
③ “一个属于我自己的……”
使用:
a/an + noun + of my own
例如:
a house of my own
一套属于我自己的房子。
a room of my own
一个属于我自己的房间。
④ “自己做,而不是别人替我做”
可以使用:
my own + noun
例如:
I grow my own vegetables.
我自己种蔬菜。
He cuts his own hair.
他自己剪头发。
⑤ “独自一个人”
使用:
on my own
或者:
by myself
例如:
I live on my own.
I live by myself.
都是:
我一个人生活。
一句话记忆
a friend of mine = 我的一个朋友;my own = 我自己的;myself = 我本人亲自;by myself / on my own = 我独自一个人。
最简单的四句可以直接记住:
A friend of mine is a software engineer. 我的一个朋友是软件工程师。
I want my own house. 我想要自己的房子。
I fixed it myself. 我亲自把它修好了。
I did it on my own / by myself. 我独自完成了它。