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Unit 83 — a friend of mine / my own house / on my own / by myself

核心主题

这一单元主要学习四组非常实用的表达:

  1. a friend of mine:我的一个朋友
  2. my own ...:我自己的……
  3. do something + my own ...:自己做,而不是让别人做
  4. on my own / by myself:独自、一个人

A. a friend of mine / a friend of yours etc.

1. 基本结构

我们可以说:

a friend of mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs

例如:

a friend of mine

意思是:

one of my friends

也就是:

我的朋友中的一个 我的一个朋友


2. 为什么是 mine,而不是 me?

正确:

a friend of mine

不说:

a friend of me

因为这里使用的是名词性物主代词

形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词
mymine
youryours
hishis
herhers
ourours
theirtheirs

所以:

a friend of mine

a friend of yours

a friend of his

a friend of hers

a friend of ours

a friend of theirs


3. 例句

I’m going to a wedding on Saturday. A friend of mine is getting married.

我星期六要去参加婚礼。 我的一个朋友要结婚了。

不能说:

a friend of me


We went on holiday with some friends of ours.

我们和我们的几个朋友一起去度假了。

不能说:

some friends of us


Harry had an argument with a neighbour of his.

Harry 和他的一个邻居吵了一架。

这里:

a neighbour of his = one of his neighbours


It was a good idea of yours to go to the cinema.

去电影院是你的一个好主意

这里:

a good idea of yours

可以理解为:

one of your good ideas


4. 名词所有格也可以使用这个结构

同样可以说:

a friend of my sister’s

意思是:

one of my sister’s friends

我姐姐 / 妹妹的一个朋友。

例如:

That woman over there is a friend of my sister’s.

那边那个女人是我姐姐 / 妹妹的一个朋友。


还可以说:

a friend of Tom’s

Tom 的一个朋友。


It was a good idea of Tom’s to go to the cinema.

去电影院是 Tom 的一个好主意。


5. 常见结构总结

a/an + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词

例如:

a friend of mine

a neighbour of his

a colleague of hers

some friends of ours

a relative of theirs


或者:

a/an + 名词 + of + 名词所有格

例如:

a friend of Tom’s

a friend of my brother’s

a colleague of Sarah’s


B. my own / your own / his own ...

6. 基本结构

我们说:

my own

your own

his own

her own

its own

our own

their own

通常结构是:

物主代词 + own + 名词

例如:

my own house

我自己的房子

your own car

你自己的车

her own room

她自己的房间


不能说:

an own house

an own car

own 前面通常需要:

my / your / his / her / our / their


7. own 的核心意思

my own / your own ...

表示某样东西:

only mine / yours

也就是:

属于自己,而不是与别人共用或向别人借来的。


my own room

I don’t want to share a room with anybody. I want my own room.

我不想和任何人共用一个房间。 我想要自己的房间

这里重点是:

不和别人共享。


their own house

Vicky and Gary would like to have their own house.

Vicky 和 Gary 想拥有属于他们自己的房子


its own parking space

It’s a shame that the apartment hasn’t got its own parking space.

很遗憾,这套公寓没有自己的停车位

这里:

its = the apartment’s


my own fault

It’s my own fault that I have no money.

我没钱完全是我自己的错

I buy too many things I don’t need.

我买了太多自己不需要的东西。


8. own 可以省略后面的名词

例如:

Why do you want to borrow my car? Why don’t you use your own?

你为什么要借我的车? 为什么不用你自己的车

这里:

your own = your own car

因为前面已经出现:

car

所以后面可以省略。


类似:

This isn’t my phone. I have my own.

这不是我的手机,我有自己的。


9. a room of my own

还可以使用:

a room of my own

意思仍然是:

一个属于我自己的房间

例如:

I’d like to have a room of my own.

我想拥有一个属于自己的房间。


同样:

a house of your own

一套你自己的房子

problems of his own

他自己的问题


例如:

He won’t be able to help you with your problems. He has too many problems of his own.

他没办法帮你解决你的问题。 他自己就有太多问题。


my own room vs a room of my own

两种都正确:

my own room

a room of my own

都可以表示:

我自己的房间

结构不同:

my own + noun

或者:

a/an + noun + of my own


C. He cuts his own hair

own 的另一种重要用法

我们还可以使用:

own

表示:

某件事情是自己做的,而不是让别人替自己做。


10. cut his own hair

Paul usually cuts his own hair.

Paul 通常自己给自己剪头发。

也就是:

He cuts it himself.

他自己剪,而不是让别人给他剪。


这里:

his own hair

重点不是简单地说:

这是他的头发

而是强调:

他自己处理自己的头发。


11. grow my own vegetables

I’d like to have a garden so that I could grow my own vegetables.

我想有一个花园,这样我就可以自己种蔬菜。

这里:

grow my own vegetables

表示:

自己种蔬菜,而不是从商店购买。

也就是:

grow them myself instead of buying them from shops


own 的两种核心含义

含义 1:属于自己

I want my own room.

我想要属于自己的房间。

重点:

不共享、不借别人的。


含义 2:自己做 / 自己生产

I grow my own vegetables.

我自己种蔬菜。

重点:

不是买来的。


He cuts his own hair.

他自己剪头发。

重点:

不是别人给他剪。


D. on my own / by myself

这是这一单元非常重要的一组表达。

12. 两者基本意思相同

on my own

和:

by myself

都可以表示:

alone

也就是:

独自 / 一个人


13. on my own 的变化

结构:

on + 物主代词 + own

人称表达
Ion my own
youon your own
heon his own
sheon her own
iton its own
weon our own
theyon their own

14. by myself 的变化

结构:

by + 反身代词

人称表达
Iby myself
youby yourself
heby himself
sheby herself
itby itself
weby ourselves
youby yourselves
theyby themselves

15. on my own = by myself

例如:

I like living on my own.

我喜欢一个人生活。

也可以说:

I like living by myself.

我喜欢独自生活。

两句话基本相同。


16. on their own = by themselves

Some people prefer to live on their own.

有些人喜欢独自生活。

也可以说:

Some people prefer to live by themselves.


17. on his own = by himself

Jack was sitting on his own in a corner of the cafe.

Jack 一个人坐在咖啡馆的一个角落里。

也可以说:

Jack was sitting by himself in a corner of the cafe.


18. on your own = by yourself

Did you go on holiday on your own?

你是一个人去度假的吗?

也可以说:

Did you go on holiday by yourself?


on my own / by myself 与 myself 的区别

这一点要和 Unit 82 联系起来。

myself

表示:

我自己亲自做

例如:

I repaired the computer myself.

电脑是我自己修的。

重点:

不是别人修的。


by myself

表示:

我独自一个人

例如:

I repaired the computer by myself.

我独自一个人修了电脑。

重点:

没有别人帮我。


on my own

也可以表示:

我独自完成,没有别人帮忙

例如:

I repaired the computer on my own.

我独自把电脑修好了。

重点:

我靠自己完成。


三者对比

I did it myself.

我自己亲自做的。 → 不是别人做的。

I did it by myself.

一个人做的。 → 没有人和我一起做。

I did it on my own.

独立完成的。 → 没有人帮助我。

在很多场景里:

by myself

和:

on my own

意思非常接近。


own 的几个核心结构

结构意思例子
a friend of mine我的一个朋友A friend of mine called me.
my own + noun我自己的……I want my own room.
a noun of my own一个属于我自己的……I want a room of my own.
do my own ...自己做……I cut my own hair.
on my own独自 / 独立地I live on my own.
by myself独自 / 一个人I live by myself.
myself我本人亲自I fixed it myself.

最容易犯的错误

错误 1:a friend of me

错误:

❌ a friend of me

正确:

✅ a friend of mine


类似:

❌ a friend of her

✅ a friend of hers


❌ some friends of us

✅ some friends of ours


错误 2:an own house

错误:

❌ I want an own house.

正确:

✅ I want my own house.

或者:

✅ I want a house of my own.


错误 3:myself 和 by myself 混淆

I went to the cinema myself.

可以理解为:

我本人亲自去了电影院。

强调“是我本人”。

但是如果想表达:

我一个人去电影院。

更自然的是:

I went to the cinema by myself.

或者:

I went to the cinema on my own.


错误 4:on myself

如果想表达:

我一个人 / 独自

不能说:

❌ on myself

应该说:

on my own

或者:

by myself


Unit 83 最终思维模型

① “我的一个……”

使用:

a + noun + of mine

例如:

a friend of mine

我的一个朋友。

a neighbour of mine

我的一个邻居。

核心:

one of my ...


② “属于我自己的……”

使用:

my own + noun

例如:

my own house

我自己的房子。

my own room

我自己的房间。

强调:

不共享、不借别人的。


③ “一个属于我自己的……”

使用:

a/an + noun + of my own

例如:

a house of my own

一套属于我自己的房子。

a room of my own

一个属于我自己的房间。


④ “自己做,而不是别人替我做”

可以使用:

my own + noun

例如:

I grow my own vegetables.

我自己种蔬菜。

He cuts his own hair.

他自己剪头发。


⑤ “独自一个人”

使用:

on my own

或者:

by myself

例如:

I live on my own.

I live by myself.

都是:

我一个人生活。


一句话记忆

a friend of mine = 我的一个朋友;my own = 我自己的;myself = 我本人亲自;by myself / on my own = 我独自一个人。

最简单的四句可以直接记住:

A friend of mine is a software engineer. 我的一个朋友是软件工程师。

I want my own house. 我想要自己的房子。

I fixed it myself. 我亲自把它修好了。

I did it on my own / by myself. 我独自完成了它。