Appearance
Unit 37 — can/could/would you ...? etc.
Requests, offers, permission and invitations
A. Asking people to do things
请求别人做某事
我们通常使用：
Can you ...?
或者：
Could you ...?
来请求别人做某事。
1. Can you ...?
例如：
Can you wait a moment, please?
你能稍等一下吗？
2. Could you ...?
例如：
Could you wait a moment, please?
你能稍等一下吗？
通常：
Could you ...?
比：
Can you ...?
更礼貌、更委婉。
3. Example — do me a favour
Helen, can you do me a favour?
Helen，你能帮我一个忙吗？
固定表达：
do somebody a favour
意思：
帮某人一个忙。
4. Example — tell me how to get there
Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the bus station?
打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去公交车站吗？
这里：
Could you tell me ...?
是非常常见的礼貌请求。
5. Do you think you could ...?
还可以使用：
Do you think you could + 动词原形 ...?
这个结构更加委婉。
例如：
Do you think you could take me to the airport?
你觉得你能送我去机场吗？
注意：
✅ Do you think you could ...?
而不是：
❌ Do you think you can ...?
图片中这里推荐使用：
could
6. 请求别人做事的礼貌程度
可以简单理解为：
| 结构 | 感觉 |
|---|---|
| Can you ...? | 普通、自然 |
| Could you ...? | 更礼貌 |
| Do you think you could ...? | 更委婉 |
例如：
Can you open the door?
你能开门吗？
Could you open the door, please?
麻烦你开一下门好吗？
Do you think you could open the door?
你看能不能帮我开一下门？
B. Asking for things
向别人索要东西
当我们想要某个东西时，可以使用：
Can I have ...?
Could I have ...?
或者：
Can I get ...?
7. Can I have ...?
例如在商店：
Can I have these postcards, please?
我可以买 / 要这些明信片吗？
8. Can I get ...?
也可以说：
Can I get these postcards, please?
我可以买这些明信片吗？
这里：
Can I have ...?
和：
Can I get ...?
都很自然。
9. Could we have ...?
例如在餐厅：
Could we have the menu, please?
可以给我们菜单吗？
或者：
Can we have the menu, please?
可以给我们菜单吗？
10. May I have ...?
也可以使用：
May I have ...?
例如：
May I have these postcards, please?
请问我可以买这些明信片吗？
这里：
May I ...?
比较正式。
11. Asking for things 总结
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| Can I have ...? | Can I have some water? |
| Could I have ...? | Could I have the menu? |
| Can I get ...? | Can I get a coffee? |
| May I have ...? | May I have some information? |
C. Asking to do things
请求允许自己做某事
如果我们想询问：
“我可以做某事吗？”
可以使用：
Can I ...?
或者：
Could I ...?
12. Can I ...?
例如打电话：
Hello, can I speak to Steve, please?
你好，我可以找 Steve 接电话吗？
13. Could I ...?
例如：
Could I use your phone charger?
我可以用一下你的手机充电器吗？
回答：
Sure.
当然。
这里：
Could I ...?
比：
Can I ...?
更礼貌。
14. Do you think I could ...?
还可以说：
Do you think I could + 动词原形 ...?
例如：
Do you think I could borrow your bike?
你觉得我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
这里的：
could
用于使请求更委婉。
15. May I ...?
也可以使用：
May I + 动词原形 ...?
例如：
May I ask you a question?
我可以问你一个问题吗？
图片中特别说明：
May is more formal than can or could.
也就是：
May I ...? 比 Can I ...? / Could I ...? 更正式。
16. Can I / Could I / May I 对比
| 结构 | 语气 |
|---|---|
| Can I ...? | 普通、自然 |
| Could I ...? | 更礼貌、委婉 |
| May I ...? | 更正式 |
例如：
Can I sit here?
我可以坐这里吗？
Could I sit here?
我可以坐这里吗？（更礼貌）
May I sit here?
我可以坐这里吗？（更正式）
17. Do you mind if I ...?
询问许可还可以说：
Do you mind if I + 一般现在时 ...?
例如：
Do you mind if I use your phone charger?
你介意我用一下你的手机充电器吗？
注意：
这个问题问的是：
你介意吗？
所以回答逻辑和普通 Can I...? 不完全一样。
18. Do you mind ...? 的回答
例如：
Do you mind if I open the window?
如果你：
不介意
可以回答：
No, not at all.
不，一点也不介意。
如果回答：
Yes.
通常意味着：
是的，我介意。
所以要特别注意。
19. Is it all right if I ...?
还可以使用：
Is it all right if I ...?
意思：
我这样做可以吗？
例如：
Is it all right if I sit here?
我坐这里可以吗？
回答：
Yes, of course.
当然可以。
20. Is it OK if I ...?
也可以说：
Is it OK if I ...?
例如：
Is it OK if I leave early today?
我今天早点走可以吗？
这是非常自然的口语表达。
21. 请求许可的结构总结
| 结构 | 中文感觉 |
|---|---|
| Can I ...? | 我可以……吗？ |
| Could I ...? | 我可以……吗？（更礼貌） |
| May I ...? | 我可以……吗？（正式） |
| Do you think I could ...? | 你觉得我可以……吗？ |
| Do you mind if I ...? | 你介意我……吗？ |
| Is it all right if I ...? | 我……可以吗？ |
| Is it OK if I ...? | 我……行吗？ |
D. Offering and inviting
提供帮助和邀请
22. Can I ...? 表示主动提供帮助
可以使用：
Can I + 动词原形 ...?
主动提出：
“我来帮你做……好吗？”
例如：
Can I help you?
我能帮你吗？
回答：
No, it’s OK. I can manage, thanks.
不用了，我自己可以，谢谢。
23. Can I get you ...?
例如：
Can I get you some coffee?
我给你拿点咖啡好吗？
回答：
That would be nice.
那太好了。
这里：
Can I get you ...?
相当于：
我给你拿……好吗？
24. Would you like ...?
当我们：
提供某样东西
或者：
邀请某人做某事
通常使用：
Would you like ...?
而不是：
Do you like ...?
25. 提供东西
Would you like some coffee?
你要不要喝点咖啡？
回答：
No, thanks.
不了，谢谢。
26. 邀请别人
Would you like to eat with us tonight?
你今晚愿意和我们一起吃饭吗？
回答：
That would be great.
那太好了。
27. Would you like ... vs Do you like ...?
这是非常重要的区别。
Would you like ...?
表示：
现在要不要 / 愿不愿意
例如：
Would you like some coffee?
你现在要不要咖啡？
Do you like ...?
表示：
一般来说喜欢不喜欢
例如：
Do you like coffee?
你喜欢咖啡吗？
28. 对比表
| Would you like ...? | Do you like ...? |
|---|---|
| 现在想不想要 | 一般喜不喜欢 |
| offer / invitation | preference |
| Would you like some coffee? | Do you like coffee? |
| 要不要来杯咖啡？ | 你喜欢咖啡吗？ |
29. Would you like to ...?
结构：
Would you like to + 动词原形 ...?
用于：
邀请别人做某事。
例如：
Would you like to come to dinner?
你愿意来吃晚餐吗？
Would you like to go for a walk?
你愿意一起散步吗？
30. I’d like ...
I’d like ... = I would like ...
这是表达自己想要某物 / 想做某事的一种礼貌方式。
31. I’d like + 名词
例如在旅游咨询处：
I’d like some information about hotels, please.
我想了解一些酒店的信息。
这里：
I’d like...
比：
I want...
更加礼貌。
32. I’d like to + 动词原形
例如在商店：
I’d like to try on this jacket, please.
我想试穿一下这件夹克。
结构：
I’d like to + 动词原形
33. I want vs I’d like
| I want | I’d like |
|---|---|
| 我想要 | 我想要 / 我希望 |
| 比较直接 | 更礼貌 |
| I want some coffee. | I’d like some coffee. |
在：
- 商店
- 餐厅
- 酒店
- 服务场景
通常：
I’d like ...
听起来更自然、更礼貌。
34. Unit 37 四大功能
这一页其实可以分成四类：
| 功能 | 核心结构 |
|---|---|
| 请求别人做 | Can/Could you ...? |
| 请求获得东西 | Can/Could I have ...? |
| 请求允许自己做 | Can/Could/May I ...? |
| 提供 / 邀请 | Can I ...? / Would you like ...? |
35. Asking people to do things
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| Can you + do...? | Can you wait? |
| Could you + do...? | Could you open the door? |
| Do you think you could + do...? | Do you think you could help me? |
核心：
让别人做。
36. Asking for things
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| Can I have...? | Can I have the menu? |
| Could I have...? | Could I have some water? |
| Can I get...? | Can I get a coffee? |
| May I have...? | May I have some information? |
核心：
我要一个东西。
37. Asking to do things
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| Can I + do...? | Can I sit here? |
| Could I + do...? | Could I use your charger? |
| May I + do...? | May I ask a question? |
| Do you think I could...? | Do you think I could borrow your bike? |
| Do you mind if I...? | Do you mind if I sit here? |
| Is it OK if I...? | Is it OK if I leave early? |
核心：
我要自己做某事，先征求你的许可。
38. Offering
主动提供帮助：
Can I ...?
例如：
Can I help you?
Can I carry that for you?
Can I get you some coffee?
核心：
我来做，好吗？
39. Inviting
邀请：
Would you like + 名词?
或者：
Would you like to + 动词原形?
例如：
Would you like some coffee?
Would you like to come with us?
40. 图片中的全部例句
A — Requests
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Can you wait a moment, please? | 你能稍等一下吗？ |
| Could you wait a moment, please? | 麻烦你稍等一下好吗？ |
| Helen, can you do me a favour? | Helen，你能帮我一个忙吗？ |
| Could you tell me how to get to the bus station? | 能告诉我怎么去公交车站吗？ |
| Do you think you could take me to the airport? | 你能不能送我去机场？ |
B — Asking for things
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Can I have these postcards, please? | 我可以买这些明信片吗？ |
| Can I get these postcards, please? | 我可以买这些明信片吗？ |
| Could we have the menu, please? | 可以给我们菜单吗？ |
| Can we have the menu, please? | 可以给我们菜单吗？ |
| May I have these postcards, please? | 请问我可以买这些明信片吗？ |
C — Permission
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Can I speak to Steve, please? | 我可以找 Steve 接电话吗？ |
| Could I use your phone charger? | 我可以用你的充电器吗？ |
| Do you think I could borrow your bike? | 你觉得我能借一下你的自行车吗？ |
| May I ask you a question? | 我可以问你一个问题吗？ |
| Do you mind if I use your phone charger? | 你介意我用你的充电器吗？ |
| Is it all right if I sit here? | 我坐这里可以吗？ |
D — Offers and invitations
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Can I help you? | 我能帮你吗？ |
| Can I get you some coffee? | 我给你拿点咖啡好吗？ |
| Would you like some coffee? | 你要不要咖啡？ |
| Would you like to eat with us tonight? | 今晚愿意和我们一起吃饭吗？ |
| I’d like some information about hotels. | 我想了解一些酒店信息。 |
| I’d like to try on this jacket. | 我想试穿这件夹克。 |
41. 最重要的区别：you vs I
这个非常值得直接记。
Can/Could you ...?
让“你”做事情
例如：
Could you open the window?
麻烦你开一下窗好吗？
Can/Could I ...?
询问“我”能不能做
例如：
Could I open the window?
我可以开窗吗？
所以：
| Subject | 意思 |
|---|---|
| Can/Could you...? | 你能帮我做吗？ |
| Can/Could I...? | 我可以做吗？ |
42. 一个场景直接对比
假设房间很热。
请求对方开窗
Could you open the window?
你能开一下窗吗？
自己想开窗
Could I open the window?
我可以开窗吗？
只换：
you → I
功能就完全不同。
43. 礼貌程度的理解
大致可以这样理解：
| 表达 | 语气 |
|---|---|
| Can you...? | 普通礼貌 |
| Could you...? | 更委婉 |
| Do you think you could...? | 非常委婉 |
| Can I...? | 普通请求许可 |
| Could I...? | 更礼貌 |
| May I...? | 更正式 |
注意：
这里的 could 通常不是过去时。
而是一种：
距离感 → 更委婉、更礼貌。
44. could 为什么比 can 更礼貌？
可以结合 Unit 27 / 36 的“距离感”理解。
can
更直接面对现实。
could
把表达往后退一点。
所以：
Could you help me?
听起来比：
Can you help me?
少一点直接命令感。
可以理解成：
DISTANCE → POLITENESS
45. would 在这一页的核心
这里的 would 主要出现在：
Would you like ...?
和：
I’d like ...
它不是单纯表示未来。
而是在制造：
礼貌距离
例如：
I want some coffee.
比较直接。
I’d like some coffee.
更柔和、更礼貌。
46. can / could / would 的礼貌功能
| 情态动词 | 典型功能 |
|---|---|
| can | 直接、自然地请求 / 许可 |
| could | 更委婉地请求 / 许可 |
| would | 礼貌邀请 / 表达愿望 |
例如：
Can you help me?
Could you help me?
Would you like some help?
47. 最实用的场景选择
想让别人帮忙
Could you ...?
例如：
Could you help me?
想问自己能不能做
Could I ...?
例如：
Could I sit here?
想要某个东西
Could I have ...?
例如：
Could I have some water?
想提供帮助
Can I ...?
例如：
Can I help you?
想邀请别人
Would you like to ...?
例如：
Would you like to come with us?
想礼貌表达自己的需求
I’d like ...
例如：
I’d like a coffee, please.
48. 最终结构表
| 目的 | 推荐结构 |
|---|---|
| 请求别人做 | Can/Could you do...? |
| 更委婉请求 | Do you think you could do...? |
| 索要东西 | Can/Could I have...? |
| 请求许可 | Can/Could/May I do...? |
| 询问是否介意 | Do you mind if I do...? |
| 询问是否可以 | Is it OK/all right if I do...? |
| 主动帮助 | Can I do...? |
| 提供东西 | Would you like...? |
| 邀请 | Would you like to do...? |
| 礼貌表达需求 | I’d like... / I’d like to... |
49. 最终思维模型
REQUEST
你帮我做
YOU
│
▼
Can/Could you ...?
例如：
Could you open the door?
PERMISSION
我想做，问你是否允许
I
│
▼
Can/Could/May I ...?
例如：
Could I use your charger?
OFFER
我主动帮你做
I
│
▼
Can I ...?
例如：
Can I help you?
INVITATION
问你想不想要 / 做
YOU
│
▼
Would you like ...?
例如：
Would you like some coffee?
一句话记忆
Can/Could you ...?
请你帮我做……
Can/Could/May I ...?
我可以做……吗？
Can/Could I have ...?
可以给我……吗？
Can I ...?
用于主动提供：
我来帮你……好吗？
Would you like ...?
你想要……吗？
Would you like to ...?
你愿意做……吗？
I’d like ...
我想要……（礼貌表达）
最核心：
YOU → request
I → permission
Can I help...? → offer
Would you like...? → invitation