Appearance
Unit 33 — should 1
1. 核心概念
这一单元主要讲:
- should do
- shouldn’t do
- should be doing
- should have done
- shouldn’t have done
- should 表示建议、判断、预期
- should 和 must / have to 的强度区别
核心:
should = 应该 / 最好 / 按理说
A. should:建议和意见
2. should do = 做某事是好的 / 正确的
You should do something = it is a good thing to do or the right thing to do.
也就是:
做这件事比较好、比较合适、比较正确。
结构:
should + 动词原形
3. Example — You should go to bed
You look tired. You should go to bed.
你看起来很累。
你应该去睡觉。
这里:
should go
表示:
这是一个合理建议。
4. Example — The government should do more
The government should do more to improve schools.
政府应该做更多事情来改善学校。
这里:
should
表达:
说话者的意见 / 看法。
5. Should we...?
should 也可以用于:
询问什么做法比较合适
例如:
A: Should we invite Stephanie to the party? B: Yes, I think we should.
A:我们应该邀请 Stephanie 来参加聚会吗?
B:是的,我觉得应该。
结构:
Should + 主语 + 动词原形?
6. should be doing
如果建议涉及:
现在正在进行的动作
可以使用:
should be + V-ing
例如:
The man on the motorbike should be wearing a helmet.
那个骑摩托车的人应该戴着头盔。
这里:
他现在正在骑摩托车
所以:
现在这个过程中,他本来应该戴着头盔。
7. should be doing 的结构
should + be + V-ing
例如:
You should be studying now.
你现在应该在学习。
He should be wearing a seat belt.
他现在应该系着安全带。
8. shouldn’t do = 最好不要做
You shouldn’t do something = it isn’t a good thing to do.
意思:
不应该做 / 最好不要做
例如:
You shouldn’t believe everything you read in newspapers.
你不应该相信报纸上看到的所有内容。
注意:
shouldn’t ≠ mustn’t
shouldn’t 是:
建议不要做
mustn’t 是:
禁止做
9. should vs shouldn’t
| 结构 | 核心意思 |
|---|---|
| should do | 应该做 / 最好做 |
| shouldn’t do | 不应该做 / 最好别做 |
例如:
You should exercise more.
你应该多运动。
You shouldn’t stay up so late.
你不应该熬夜这么晚。
10. should 常和 I think 搭配
我们经常说:
I think + 主语 + should ...
表示:
我觉得……应该……
例如:
I think the government should do more to improve schools.
我认为政府应该做更多事情改善学校。
11. I don’t think ... should
也经常说:
I don’t think + 主语 + should ...
例如:
I don’t think you should work so hard.
我觉得你不应该这么拼命工作。
英语通常更自然地把否定放在:
I don’t think
而不是说:
I think you shouldn’t...
两种都可能出现,但:
I don’t think you should...
非常常见。
12. Do you think I should...?
询问别人意见:
Do you think I should + 动词原形?
例如:
Do you think I should apply for this job?
你觉得我应该申请这份工作吗?
回答:
Yes, I think you should.
是的,我觉得你应该。
13. should 常见意见结构
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| I think ... should | I think you should go. |
| I don’t think ... should | I don’t think you should go. |
| Do you think ... should? | Do you think I should go? |
14. should 没有 must / have to 那么强
图片中特别强调:
Should is not as strong as must or have to.
也就是:
should = 建议
而:
must / have to = 必须
15. Example — apologise
You should apologise.
你应该道歉。
意思:
这是一个好的做法。
但是你仍然:
有选择。
You must apologise.
或者:
You have to apologise.
你必须道歉。
意思:
几乎没有选择。
16. should vs must / have to
| should | must / have to |
|---|---|
| 应该 | 必须 |
| advice | obligation |
| 建议 | 义务 / 必要 |
| 可以不听 | 通常必须做 |
| softer | stronger |
核心:
should = it would be a good thing to do
must / have to = you have no alternative
B. should:按理说 / 预期
17. should 也可以表示“按理说应该如此”
这一类 should 不是建议。
而是在表达:
根据正常情况,我预期事情应该如此。
核心:
should = expected situation
18. Example — She should be here by now
Where’s Tina? She should be here by now.
Tina 在哪儿?
她现在按理说应该已经到了。
这里不是:
建议 Tina 来。
而是:
按照正常情况,她现在应该在这里。
19. should be = 按理应该是
例如:
The price on this packet is wrong. It should be £2.50, not £3.50.
这个包装上的价格错了。
按理应该是 2.50 英镑,不是 3.50。
这里:
should be
表示:
正确 / 正常情况下应该如此。
20. should 表示预期未来结果
图片中还有:
We also use should to say that we expect something to happen.
即:
根据现有情况,我们预期某事会发生。
21. Example — She should pass
Helen has been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass.
Helen 一直很努力准备考试,所以她应该会通过。
这里:
should pass
不是:
“她应该去通过考试”这种建议。
而是:
根据她的准备情况,我预计她会通过。
22. Example — It shouldn’t be hard
There are plenty of hotels in the town. It shouldn’t be hard to find a place to stay.
镇上有很多酒店。
找地方住应该不会太难。
这里:
shouldn’t be hard
表示:
我预计不会很难。
23. should 的两种核心用法
| 用法 | 核心问题 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 建议 | 什么做法比较好? | You should rest. |
| 预期 | 按理说会怎么样? | She should be here. |
这两个意思虽然不同,但都有:
“正常 / 合理情况下应该如此”
这种感觉。
24. 建议 should vs 预期 should
建议
You should go to bed.
你应该去睡觉。
重点:
你最好这么做。
预期
The train should arrive at 8.
火车按理应该 8 点到。
重点:
我预计它会如此。
C. should have done
25. should have done 的核心含义
You should have done something = you didn’t do it, but it would have been a good thing to do.
意思:
过去本来应该做,但实际上没有做。
结构:
should have + 过去分词
26. Example — You should have come
You missed a great party last night. You should have come. Why didn’t you?
你错过了昨晚一个很棒的聚会。
你本来应该来的,为什么没来?
真实情况:
你没有来。
说话者现在回头评价:
来参加聚会本来是更好的选择。
27. 时间关系
You should have come.
时间轴:
PAST NOW
│ │
✕ did not come │
↑ │
should have come │
│ │
└──── now looking back ─────┘
核心:
PAST + DIDN’T DO + BETTER IF YOU HAD
28. Example — They should have been here
I wonder why they’re so late. They should have been here long ago.
我不知道他们为什么这么晚。
按理说他们早就应该到了。
这里:
should have been
表示:
根据预期,他们本来早就应该处于“在这里”的状态。
这类句子不一定带责备。
也可以只是:
对过去预期没有实现的判断。
29. should have done 的两种感觉
① 后悔 / 批评 / 建议过去应该做
You should have called me.
你本来应该给我打电话。
实际:
没打。
② 过去按理应该发生
The train should have arrived by now.
火车按理说早该到了。
重点:
预期没有实现。
30. shouldn’t have done
You shouldn’t have done something = you did it, but it wasn’t a good thing to do.
意思:
过去做了,但其实不应该做。
结构:
shouldn’t have + 过去分词
31. Example — I shouldn’t have eaten so much
I’m feeling sick. I shouldn’t have eaten so much.
我现在感觉不舒服。
我刚才真不该吃那么多。
真实情况:
I ate too much.
但是现在评价:
这是一个错误 / 不好的选择。
32. Example — She shouldn’t have been listening
She shouldn’t have been listening to our conversation. It was private.
她当时不应该偷听我们的谈话。
因为:
那是私人谈话。
这里:
shouldn’t have been + V-ing
表示:
过去某个时候确实正在做某件不该做的事。
33. shouldn’t have been doing
结构:
shouldn’t + have + been + V-ing
例如:
You shouldn’t have been driving so fast.
你当时不应该开那么快。
实际:
你确实开得很快。
34. should have done vs shouldn’t have done
| 结构 | 实际情况 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| should have done | 没做 | 本来应该做 |
| shouldn’t have done | 做了 | 本来不应该做 |
这是这一单元最重要的区别之一。
35. 直观对比
should have done
You should have called me.
真实情况:
❌ 没打电话
正确选择本来是:
✅ 打电话
shouldn’t have done
You shouldn’t have called him.
真实情况:
✅ 已经打了
正确选择本来是:
❌ 不应该打
36. should do vs should have done
图片中的核心对比:
You look tired. You should go to bed now.
你看起来很累。
你现在应该去睡觉。
这里:
现在还有机会做。
You went to bed very late last night. You should have gone to bed earlier.
你昨晚睡得很晚。
你本来应该早点睡。
这里:
机会已经过去。
37. should do vs should have done
| should do | should have done |
|---|---|
| 现在 / 未来应该做 | 过去本来应该做 |
| 还有机会做 | 已经来不及 |
| advice now | hindsight about past |
| You should go. | You should have gone. |
38. 时间轴对比
should do
You should go to bed.
NOW ─────────────────────▶ FUTURE
│
▼
should go
意思:
现在开始这么做比较好。
should have done
You should have gone to bed earlier.
PAST NOW
│ │
✕ didn't go early │
↑ │
should have gone │
意思:
过去本来应该这么做,但机会已经过去。
39. should be doing vs should have been doing
should be doing
You should be studying now.
你现在应该在学习。
时间:
NOW
should have been doing
You should have been studying when I called.
我打电话的时候,你当时应该在学习。
时间:
PAST
40. should 系列完整结构
| 时间 / 状态 | 结构 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 现在/未来建议 | should + do | You should go. |
| 现在不建议 | shouldn’t + do | You shouldn’t go. |
| 现在应该正在 | should + be doing | You should be working. |
| 过去本应做 | should have + done | You should have gone. |
| 过去本不应做 | shouldn’t have + done | You shouldn’t have gone. |
| 过去本应正在 | should have been + doing | You should have been working. |
| 过去本不应正在 | shouldn’t have been + doing | You shouldn’t have been listening. |
41. 图片中的全部例句
A — 建议 / 意见
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| You should go to bed. | 你应该去睡觉。 |
| The government should do more. | 政府应该做更多。 |
| Should we invite Stephanie? | 我们应该邀请 Stephanie 吗? |
| Yes, I think we should. | 我觉得应该。 |
| He should be wearing a helmet. | 他应该戴着头盔。 |
| You shouldn’t believe everything you read. | 不应该全信报纸。 |
| I think the government should do more. | 我觉得政府应该做更多。 |
| I don’t think you should work so hard. | 我觉得你不应该这么拼命。 |
| Do you think I should apply? | 你觉得我应该申请吗? |
B — 正常预期
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| She should be here by now. | 她按理现在应该到了。 |
| It should be £2.50. | 正确价格应该是 £2.50。 |
| She should pass. | 她应该会通过。 |
| It shouldn’t be hard. | 应该不会很难。 |
C — 过去本应该 / 本不应该
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| You should have come. | 你本来应该来的。 |
| They should have been here long ago. | 他们早就应该到了。 |
| I shouldn’t have eaten so much. | 我真不该吃那么多。 |
| She shouldn’t have been listening. | 她当时不应该偷听。 |
| You should go to bed now. | 你现在应该去睡。 |
| You should have gone to bed earlier. | 你昨晚本来应该早点睡。 |
42. should 和 must / have to 的关系
可以这样理解强度:
| 表达 | 强度 | 中文感觉 |
|---|---|---|
| should | 较弱 | 应该 / 最好 |
| must | 强 | 必须 |
| have to | 强 | 不得不 / 必须 |
例如:
You should leave now.
你最好现在走。
还有选择。
You must leave now.
你必须现在走。
几乎没有选择。
43. should 与 must 的母语感觉
should
“在我看来,这是比较好的选择。”
它保留:
选择空间。
must
“这件事是必须的。”
它几乎没有:
选择空间。
44. should 表示预期时的思维
这种 should 可以理解为:
NORMAL EXPECTATION
例如:
She should be home by now.
逻辑:
normal schedule
↓
expected arrival time ↓ she should be home
但:
我并不是百分之百知道。
所以 should 有一种:
“按理说……”
的感觉。
45. should / may / must:推测强度
在“判断 / 预期”语境中,可以粗略理解:
| 表达 | 感觉 |
|---|---|
| must | 我几乎确定 |
| should | 按正常情况应该如此 |
| may / might | 有可能 |
| can’t | 我认为不可能 |
例如:
He must be home.
他一定在家。
He should be home.
按理说他应该在家。
He might be home.
他可能在家。
46. 最重要的判断方法
先问:
should 是在“给建议”,还是在“说预期”?
如果是:
给建议
You should go.
意思:
这么做比较好。
如果是:
预期
He should arrive soon.
意思:
按正常情况,他应该很快到。
然后问:
事情发生在现在/未来,还是过去?
现在 / 未来:
should do
过去:
should have done
47. 四个最核心结构
| 结构 | 核心意思 |
|---|---|
| should do | 应该做 |
| shouldn’t do | 不应该做 |
| should have done | 本来应该做,但没做 |
| shouldn’t have done | 本来不应该做,但做了 |
48. 一个非常直观的四格模型
| 应该 | 不应该 | |
|---|---|---|
| 现在/未来 | should do | shouldn’t do |
| 过去 | should have done | shouldn’t have done |
例如:
| 情况 | Sentence |
|---|---|
| 现在应该早点睡 | You should go to bed. |
| 现在不该喝那么多 | You shouldn’t drink so much. |
| 昨晚本该早点睡 | You should have gone to bed earlier. |
| 昨晚本不该喝那么多 | You shouldn’t have drunk so much. |
49. 最终思维模型
SHOULD DO
NOW / FUTURE
│
▼
GOOD / RIGHT
│
▼
DO IT
现在/未来这么做比较好。
SHOULD HAVE DONE
PAST NOW
│ │
✕ didn't do │
↑ │
better choice │
过去本来这么做更好,但没有做。
SHOULDN’T HAVE DONE
PAST NOW
│ │
● did it │
↑ │
bad choice │
过去已经做了,但现在看这是不好的选择。
一句话记忆
should do
现在 / 以后“这样做比较好”。
shouldn’t do
现在 / 以后“最好别这样做”。
should have done
过去“本来应该这样做”,但没做。
shouldn’t have done
过去“本来不应该这样做”,但已经做了。
另外:
should = 建议时:最好
should = 预期时:按理说
最核心区别:
should do → 机会还在
should have done → 机会已经过去