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Unit 89 — both / both of, neither / neither of, either / either of

核心主题

这一单元主要学习:

both / neither / either

它们都用于谈论:

two things(两个人或两个事物)

基本含义:

含义
both两个都
neither两个都不
either两个中的任何一个 / 任意一个

A. both / neither / either

We use both / neither / either for two things.

我们使用 both / neither / either 来谈论两个事物。

可以直接和名词连用:

both books

两本书都

neither book

两本书都不

either book

两本书中的任意一本


1. both + 复数名词

例如,你准备出去吃饭,有两家餐厅可以选择:

Both restaurants are good.

两家餐厅都很好。

注意:

✅ both restaurants ❌ the both restaurants

both 后面直接接复数名词。


2. neither + 单数名词

Neither restaurant is expensive.

两家餐厅都不贵。

结构:

neither + 单数名词

例如:

neither restaurant

neither answer

neither option


3. either + 单数名词

We can go to either restaurant. I don’t mind.

我们可以去两家餐厅中的任何一家。 我都可以。

这里:

either = one or the other, it doesn’t matter which

也就是:

两个中的任何一个,哪个都可以。


另一个例子:

I haven’t been to either restaurant before.

这两家餐厅我以前都没去过。

这里因为前面有:

haven’t

所以:

not + either

表达:

两个都不

即:

not one or the other


4. both / neither / either 可以单独使用

如果我们已经知道谈论的是哪两个东西,可以省略后面的名词。


both

A: Which do you prefer, basketball or tennis? B: It’s hard to say. I like both.

A:篮球和网球,你更喜欢哪个? B:很难说。我两个都喜欢。

这里:

both = basketball and tennis


neither

A: Is your friend British or American? B: Neither. She’s Australian.

A:你的朋友是英国人还是美国人? B:都不是。她是澳大利亚人。


either

A: Do you want tea or coffee? B: Either. I don’t mind.

A:你想喝茶还是咖啡? B:哪个都行,我不介意。


B. both of / neither of / either of

结构:

both of ...

neither of ...

either of ...

当后面有:

the / these / those / my / your / Tom’s ...

等限定词时,可以使用 of


5. both of

Both of these restaurants are good.

这两家餐厅都很好。

结构:

both of + these + plural noun


6. neither of

Neither of the restaurants we went to was expensive.

我们去的两家餐厅都不贵。

结构:

neither of + the + plural noun


7. either of

I haven’t been to either of those restaurants.

那两家餐厅我都没去过。

结构:

either of + those + plural noun


8. 不能直接说 both of restaurants

错误:

❌ both of restaurants

正确:

✅ both restaurants

或者:

✅ both of the restaurants


同样:

❌ either of restaurants

✅ either restaurant

✅ either of the restaurants


9. both 后面的 of 可以省略

both 比较特殊。

可以说:

Both of these restaurants are good.

也可以说:

Both these restaurants are good.

两种都正确。

所以:

both of + these/the/my ...

中的:

of

可以省略。


例如:

Both of my children are at school.

也可以:

Both my children are at school.


但是 neither / either 通常不能这样省略。

neither of these books

either of these books


10. both of / neither of / either of + us / you / them

还可以和代词:

us / you / them

连用。


either of you

Can either of you speak Russian?

你们两个中有人会说俄语吗?

这里是对:

two people

说话。


neither of them

I asked two people how to get to the station, but neither of them knew.

我问了两个人怎么去车站,但是他们两个都不知道。


both of us

Both of us were tired.

我们两个都累了。


11. us / you / them 前面必须使用 of

注意:

both of us

不能说:

❌ both us

所以:

both of + us / you / them

其中:

of 不能省略


正确:

Both of us were tired.

错误:

❌ Both us were tired.


这一点和:

both these restaurants

不同。


对比

名词前

Both these restaurants are good.

这里:

of 可以省略。


代词前

Both of us were tired.

这里:

of 不能省略。


12. neither of 后面的动词可以单数,也可以复数

例如:

Neither of them is at home.

或者:

Neither of them are at home.

两种形式都可以。


传统语法上,因为:

neither = not one and not the other

可以看成单数,所以:

Neither of them is ...

非常常见。

但实际英语中:

Neither of them are ...

也很常见。


C. both ... and / neither ... nor / either ... or

这三个是非常重要的固定结构。


13. both ... and ...

表示:

既……又…… / 两者都……

结构:

both A and B

例如:

Both Chris and Paul were late.

Chris 和 Paul 两个人都迟到了。


还可以连接形容词:

I was both tired and hungry when I arrived home.

我到家时又累又饿。

结构:

both tired and hungry

= tired + hungry 两种状态都有。


14. neither ... nor ...

表示:

既不……也不……

结构:

neither A nor B

例如:

Neither Chris nor Paul came to the party.

Chris 和 Paul 两个人都没有参加聚会。


还可以连接动词:

There was an accident outside our house, but we neither saw nor heard anything.

我们家外面发生了一起事故,但是我们既没有看到,也没有听到任何东西。

结构:

neither saw nor heard

= didn't see + didn't hear


15. either ... or ...

表示:

要么……要么…… / 两者中的一个

结构:

either A or B

例如:

I’m not sure where Maria’s from. She’s either Spanish or Italian.

我不确定 Maria 来自哪里。 她要么是西班牙人,要么是意大利人。


另一个例子:

Either you apologise, or I’ll never speak to you again.

要么你道歉,要么我再也不和你说话。


三个结构对比

结构含义逻辑
both A and BA 和 B 都A + B
neither A nor BA 和 B 都不not A + not B
either A or BA 或 B 中一个A or B

例如:

Both Tom and Jack can drive.

Tom 和 Jack 都会开车。


Neither Tom nor Jack can drive.

Tom 和 Jack 都不会开车。


Either Tom or Jack can drive you home.

Tom 或 Jack 中的一个可以开车送你回家。


D. 两个 vs 两个以上

这是这一单元非常重要的区别。

两个事物

使用:

either / neither / both


两个以上

对应使用:

any / none / all


16. either vs any

如果只有两个:

There are two good hotels here. You could stay at either of them.

这里有两家不错的酒店。 你住其中任何一家都可以。

因为:

two hotels

所以:

either


如果有很多:

There are many good hotels here. You could stay at any of them.

这里有很多不错的酒店。 你可以住其中任何一家。

因为:

many hotels

所以:

any


17. neither vs none

两个:

We tried two hotels. Neither of them had a room.

我们试了两家酒店。 两家都没有房间。


两个以上:

We tried a lot of hotels. None of them had a room.

我们试了很多家酒店。 没有一家有房间。


18. both vs all

两个:

We tried two hotels. Both of them were full.

我们试了两家酒店。 两家都满了。


两个以上:

We tried a lot of hotels. All of them were full.

我们试了很多家酒店。 所有酒店都满了。


两个与多个的完整对应关系

数量任意一个一个都不全部
两个eitherneitherboth
两个以上anynoneall

这是 Unit 89 最重要的表格之一。


both / neither / either + 名词的单复数

注意它们后面的名词形式。

both + 复数

both restaurants

both books

both children

因为表示:

两个都

所以后面使用:

复数名词


neither + 单数

neither restaurant

neither book

neither answer


either + 单数

either restaurant

either book

either answer


直接 + 名词 vs of + 名词

普通名词

直接使用:

both restaurants

neither restaurant

either restaurant


有 the / these / my 等限定词

使用:

both of the restaurants

neither of the restaurants

either of the restaurants


或者:

both of my children

neither of these books

either of those options


和 Unit 88 联系起来理解

Unit 88 学过:

all / most / some / none

Unit 89 可以把它们放在一起理解。


两个人

Both of my children like swimming.

我的两个孩子都喜欢游泳。


三个或更多

All of my children like swimming.

我的所有孩子都喜欢游泳。


两个都不

Neither of my children likes coffee.

我的两个孩子都不喜欢咖啡。


三个或更多都不

None of my children likes coffee.

我的孩子中没有一个喜欢咖啡。


最容易犯的错误

错误 1:both 后面用单数

错误:

❌ both restaurant

正确:

both restaurants

因为:

both = 两个都

所以必须是复数。


错误 2:either 后面直接使用复数

错误:

❌ either restaurants

正确:

either restaurant

或者:

either of the restaurants


错误 3:neither 后面直接使用复数

错误:

❌ neither restaurants

正确:

neither restaurant

或者:

neither of the restaurants


错误 4:both of restaurants

错误:

❌ both of restaurants

正确:

both restaurants

或者:

both of the restaurants


错误 5:both us

错误:

❌ both us

正确:

both of us

代词:

us / you / them

前面必须有:

of


错误 6:三个人使用 both

例如有三个孩子:

❌ Both of my three children ...

不合适。

应该:

All three of my children ...

因为:

both

只用于:

两个


Unit 89 最终思维模型

先问自己:

我现在谈论的是两个,还是两个以上?


只有两个

两个都

both

例如:

Both books are good.


两个都不

neither

例如:

Neither book is good.


两个中的任何一个

either

例如:

Either book is OK.


两个以上

全部

all


全都不

none


任意一个

any


第二步:后面是什么?

普通名词

both books

neither book

either book


the / these / my 等限定范围

both of the books

neither of these books

either of my books


us / you / them

一定使用:

of

例如:

both of us

neither of them

either of you


第三步:需要连接两个成分吗?

使用:

both A and B

neither A nor B

either A or B


例如:

I like both coffee and tea.

咖啡和茶我都喜欢。

I like neither coffee nor tea.

咖啡和茶我都不喜欢。

I’d like either coffee or tea.

咖啡或茶,哪一个都可以。


一句话记忆

两个:both = 两个都,neither = 两个都不,either = 两个任选一个;两个以上则对应 all、none、any。

最核心的对应关系:

both ↔ allneither ↔ noneeither ↔ any

区别只有一个关键:

both / neither / either → 两个

all / none / any → 两个以上