Appearance
Unit 140 — Phrasal verbs 4: on/off (1)
A. on and off for lights, machines etc.
对于灯、机器等,我们使用 on / off。
基本表达
We say:
the light is on 灯开着
put the light on 把灯打开
leave the light on 让灯一直开着
etc.
turn / switch ... on/off
turn the light on/off
或者:
switch the light on/off
表示:
开灯 / 关灯
Examples:
Shall I leave the lights on or turn them off?
我要让灯继续开着,还是把它们关掉?
‘Is the heating on?’ ‘No, I switched it off.’
“暖气开着吗?” “没有,我把它关了。”
put ... on
我们也可以说:
put (music, a song) on
表示:
播放音乐 / 播放歌曲
Example:
Let’s put some music on. What would you like to hear?
我们放点音乐吧。你想听什么?
put the kettle on
put the kettle on
表示:
把水壶打开烧水 / 烧壶水
Example:
We need boiling water, so I’ll put the kettle on.
我们需要开水,所以我要烧壶水。
A 部分核心结构
| 表达 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| be on | 开着 / 运行着 |
| turn something on | 打开 |
| switch something on | 打开 |
| leave something on | 让某物保持开启 |
| turn something off | 关闭 |
| switch something off | 关闭 |
| put music on | 播放音乐 |
| put the kettle on | 烧水 |
1. B. on and off for events etc.
对于事件、活动等,on / off 也有特殊含义。
go on = happen
go on = happen
表示:
发生 / 进行
Example:
What’s all that noise? What’s going on?
那些声音是怎么回事?发生什么事了?
也就是:
What’s going on?
=
What’s happening?
这是非常常见的日常口语表达。
例如:
What’s going on here?
这里发生什么事了?
call something off = cancel it
call something off
表示:
取消某事
Example:
The concert in the park had to be called off because of the weather.
因为天气原因,公园里的音乐会不得不取消。
结构:
call off + something
或者:
call + something + off
例如:
They called off the meeting.
他们取消了会议。
也可以:
They called the meeting off.
如果使用代词:
They called it off.
不能说:
They called off it.
put something off
put something off = delay it
表示:
推迟 / 延期
Example:
The election has been put off until January.
选举已经被推迟到一月份。
put off doing something
结构:
put off + doing something
表示:
推迟做某事
Example:
We can’t put off making a decision. We have to decide now.
我们不能再推迟做决定了。我们现在必须决定。
注意:
put off doing
而不是:
put off to do
例如:
Don’t put off doing your homework.
不要拖延做作业。
call off vs put off
两者非常容易混淆:
call off = cancel 取消
put off = delay 推迟
例如:
The meeting was called off.
会议取消了。
意味着:
不开了。
而:
The meeting was put off until Friday.
会议推迟到星期五。
意味着:
还会开,只是时间变了。
2. C. on and off for clothes etc.
对于衣服、眼镜等,我们也经常使用 on / off。
put on
put on clothes, glasses, make-up, a seat belt etc.
表示:
穿上 / 戴上 / 涂上 / 系上
例如:
put on clothes 穿衣服
put on glasses 戴眼镜
put on make-up 化妆
put on a seat belt 系安全带
Example:
My hands were cold, so I put my gloves on.
我的手很冷,所以我戴上了手套。
也可以说:
I put on my gloves.
如果使用代词:
I put them on.
不能说:
I put on them.
put on weight
put on weight = get heavier
表示:
体重增加 / 长胖
Example:
I’ve put on two kilos in the last month.
我上个月胖了两公斤。
这里的:
put on two kilos
不是“穿上两公斤”,而是:
体重增加了两公斤
反义表达:
lose weight
减肥 / 减轻体重
try on
try on clothes
= to see if they fit
表示:
试穿
Example:
I tried on a jacket in the shop, but it didn’t look right.
我在商店里试穿了一件夹克,但看起来不太合适。
结构:
try on a jacket
或者:
try a jacket on
如果使用代词:
try it on
例如:
Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
这是买衣服时非常常用的一句话。
take off
take off clothes, glasses etc.
表示:
脱掉 / 摘掉
Example:
It was warm, so I took off my coat.
天气很暖和,所以我脱掉了外套。
也可以说:
I took my coat off.
如果使用代词:
I took it off.
put on / try on / take off
三个短语可以放在一起记:
put on → 穿上
try on → 试穿
take off → 脱掉
例如买衣服:
Can I try this jacket on?
我可以试穿这件夹克吗?
Sure. Put it on.
当然,穿上试试。
It’s too small. I’ll take it off.
太小了,我把它脱下来。
3. D. off = away from a person or place
这里的 off 核心含义是:
离开某个人或某个地方
可以理解成:
原来在这里 → 离开这里
be off
be off (to a place)
表示:
要走了 / 要去某地了
Examples:
Tomorrow I’m off to Paris.
明天我要去巴黎。
I’m off on holiday.
我要去度假了。
也就是:
I’m going to Paris.
或者:
I’m going on holiday.
日常口语里:
I’m off.
经常表示:
我走了。 / 我要走了。
例如:
OK, I’m off. See you tomorrow.
好了,我走了。明天见。
walk off / run off / drive off / ride off / go off
这些表达中的 off 都带有:
离开
的感觉。
walk off
走开 / 离开
run off
跑开 / 跑掉
drive off
开车离开
ride off
骑车离开
go off
离开 / 出发
这些与:
walk away / run away
意思相似。
Examples:
Anna got on her bike and rode off.
Anna 骑上自行车离开了。
Mark left home at the age of eighteen and went off to Canada.
Mark 十八岁离开家去了加拿大。
set off = start a journey
set off
表示:
出发 / 动身
Example:
We set off early to avoid the traffic.
为了避开交通拥堵,我们很早就出发了。
也就是:
We left early.
例如:
We set off at six in the morning.
我们早上六点出发。
take off = leave the ground (for planes)
当主语是飞机时:
take off
表示:
起飞
Example:
After a long delay, the plane finally took off.
经过长时间的延误,飞机终于起飞了。
反义词:
land = 降落
所以:
The plane took off at 8 a.m.
飞机上午八点起飞。
The plane landed at 10 a.m.
飞机上午十点降落。
see somebody off
see somebody off
= go with them to the airport/station to say goodbye
表示:
给某人送行
通常是:
陪某人去机场 / 火车站,然后告别
Example:
Helen was going away. We went to the station with her to see her off.
Helen 要离开了。我们陪她去了车站,为她送行。
注意代词的位置:
see her off
see him off
see them off
4. Unit 140 核心短语总结
| Phrasal verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| be on | 开着 / 运行着 |
| turn on | 打开 |
| switch on | 打开 |
| leave on | 保持开启 |
| turn off | 关闭 |
| switch off | 关闭 |
| put music on | 播放音乐 |
| put the kettle on | 烧水 |
| go on | 发生 / 进行 |
| call off | 取消 |
| put off | 推迟 |
| put off doing | 推迟做某事 |
| put on | 穿上 / 戴上 |
| put on weight | 增加体重 |
| try on | 试穿 |
| take off | 脱掉 |
| be off | 离开 / 出发 |
| walk off | 走开 |
| run off | 跑开 |
| drive off | 开车离开 |
| ride off | 骑车离开 |
| go off | 离开 |
| set off | 出发 |
| take off | 起飞 |
| see somebody off | 给某人送行 |
5. on / off 的核心思维
这一单元不要把 on / off 当成两个需要死记的介词。
可以先建立两个核心画面:
ON → 接触 / 连接 / 进入运行状态
OFF → 脱离 / 断开 / 离开
然后很多 phrasal verbs 就容易理解了。
① 设备:连接 ↔ 断开
ON
turn on switch on
设备进入工作状态。
OFF
turn off switch off
设备退出工作状态。
所以:
The light is on. 灯处于开启状态。
Turn it off. 把它关闭。
② 衣服:放到身上 ↔ 从身上拿走
ON
put on
衣服放到身体上:
put on a coat 穿上外套
OFF
take off
衣服从身体上脱离:
take off a coat 脱下外套
而:
try on
就是:
把衣服穿到身上试试看。
③ 事件:继续 ↔ 停止
ON
go on
事情继续发生:
What’s going on?
发生什么事了?
OFF
call off
让原本计划发生的事情停止:
call off the meeting
取消会议。
④ 时间:把事情“移开”
put off
原本现在要做的事情,被移动到更晚的时间:
put off the meeting
推迟会议。
所以要特别区分:
call off → 不做了
put off → 以后再做
⑤ 空间:off = 离开
ride off 骑车离开
drive off 开车离开
run off 跑开
go off 离开
set off 出发
这里的 off 都保留了非常明显的:
脱离当前位置 → 离开
的空间感觉。
6. Unit 140 最终思维模型
看到:
verb + on/off
先不要直接翻译整个短语。
先判断 on / off 在表达什么方向。
ON
核心感觉:
接上 → 放上 → 开启 → 继续
因此:
turn on → 开启 put on → 穿上 try on → 试穿 go on → 继续 / 发生
OFF
核心感觉:
脱离 → 断开 → 停止 → 离开
因此:
turn off → 关闭 take off clothes → 脱掉 take off (plane) → 离开地面 → 起飞 call off → 取消 ride off → 骑车离开 drive off → 开车离开 set off → 离开当前位置 → 出发 see somebody off → 去送某人离开
所以 on / off 的大量短语动词,本质上都可以从:
ON = 接上、进入状态
OFF = 脱离、退出状态
这两个核心方向去理解。