Appearance
Unit 113 — although, though, even though, in spite of, despite
A. although / in spite of / despite
Study this example situation
Last year Paul and Sarah had a holiday by the sea.
去年 Paul 和 Sarah 去海边度假。
It rained a lot, but they had a good time.
雨下得很多，但是他们玩得很开心。
You can say:
Although it rained a lot, they had a good time. (= It rained a lot, but they ...)
虽然下了很多雨，但是他们玩得很开心。
or:
In spite of the rain, they had a good time.
或者：
Despite the rain, they had a good time.
尽管下雨，他们还是玩得很开心。
1. 核心意思
这几个表达都可以表示：
虽然…… / 尽管……
但是后面接的结构不同：
| 表达 | 后面通常接 |
|---|---|
| although | subject + verb |
| though | subject + verb |
| even though | subject + verb |
| in spite of | noun / pronoun / -ing |
| despite | noun / pronoun / -ing |
最重要的区别：
although + 句子
in spite of / despite + 名词或 -ing
2. B. although
3. although + subject + verb
After although we use a subject + verb:
Although it rained a lot, they had a good time.
虽然雨下得很大，但是他们玩得很开心。
结构：
although + it + rained although + subject + verb
I didn’t apply for the job although I had the necessary qualifications.
虽然我具备必要的资格，但我没有申请那份工作。
结构：
although + I + had
4. although 的基本结构
although 放在句首
Although + subject + verb, main clause
例如：
Although it was raining, we went out.
虽然当时正在下雨，我们还是出去了。
although 放在句中
main clause + although + subject + verb
例如：
We went out although it was raining.
虽然当时正在下雨，我们还是出去了。
两种位置都可以。
5. although 和 because 的区别
Compare the meaning of although and because:
We went out although it was raining heavily.
虽然雨下得很大，我们还是出去了。
这里表达的是：
下大雨 ↓ 正常来说可能不会出去 ↓ 但是我们还是出去了
所以：
although = 虽然 / 尽管
表示让步、转折。
We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily.
我们没有出去，因为雨下得很大。
这里表达的是：
下大雨 ↓ 导致我们没有出去
所以：
because = 因为
表示原因。
6. although vs because 思维模型
although
虽然 A，但是 B
A 和 B 存在一种“出乎预期”的关系：
Although it was raining, we went out.
虽然下雨，但我们还是出去了。
because
因为 A，所以 B
A 是 B 的原因：
We stayed home because it was raining.
因为下雨，所以我们待在家里。
7. C. in spite of / despite
8. in spite of / despite 后面接什么？
After in spite of or despite, we use:
a noun
a pronoun
-ing
也就是：
名词
代词
动词 -ing
9. in spite of + noun
In spite of the rain, we had a good time.
尽管下雨，我们还是玩得很开心。
这里：
the rain = noun
结构：
in spite of + noun
例如：
In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time.
尽管交通很拥堵，我们还是准时到了。
10. in spite of + pronoun
She wasn’t well, but in spite of this she continued working.
她身体不舒服，但是尽管如此，她还是继续工作。
这里：
this = pronoun
结构：
in spite of + pronoun
11. in spite of + what ...
In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
尽管我昨天说了那些话，我仍然爱你。
这里：
what I said yesterday
整体可以作为 in spite of 的宾语。
12. in spite of + -ing
I didn’t apply for the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications.
尽管我具备必要的资格，但我没有申请那份工作。
这里：
having = -ing
结构：
in spite of + -ing
例如：
In spite of feeling tired, I continued working.
尽管感觉很累，我还是继续工作。
13. despite = in spite of
Despite is the same as in spite of.
也就是说：
despite = in spite of
都表示：
尽管 / 虽然
例如：
In spite of the rain, we went out.
=
Despite the rain, we went out.
尽管下雨，我们还是出去了。
14. 注意：despite 后面没有 of
We say:
in spite of
but:
despite
所以：
✅ in spite of the rain
✅ despite the rain
但是：
❌ despite of the rain
例如：
She wasn’t well, but despite this she continued working.
她身体不舒服，但尽管如此，她还是继续工作。
不是：
❌ despite of this
15. in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that
如果想在 in spite of / despite 后面接完整的：
subject + verb
可以使用：
in spite of the fact that + subject + verb
或者：
despite the fact that + subject + verb
例如：
I didn’t apply for the job in spite of the fact that I had the necessary qualifications.
或者：
I didn’t apply for the job despite the fact that I had the necessary qualifications.
尽管我具备必要的资格，但我没有申请那份工作。
结构：
in spite of the fact that + subject + verb
despite the fact that + subject + verb
16. in spite of 和 because of
Compare in spite of and because of:
We went out in spite of the rain.
尽管下雨，我们还是出去了。
或者：
We went out despite the rain.
而：
We didn’t go out because of the rain.
因为下雨，所以我们没有出去。
核心区别
in spite of / despite
尽管……
表示：
A 本来可能阻止 B ↓ 但是 B 仍然发生
because of
因为……
表示：
A 导致 B
例如：
We went for a walk despite the rain.
尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。
We stayed home because of the rain.
因为下雨，我们待在家里。
17. D. although vs in spite of / despite
18. 最大区别：后面的语法结构
Compare although and in spite of / despite:
although
Although the traffic was bad, we arrived on time.
尽管交通很糟糕，我们还是准时到了。
这里：
the traffic = subject was = verb
所以：
although + subject + verb
in spite of
In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time.
尽管交通很糟糕，我们还是准时到了。
这里：
the traffic = noun phrase
所以：
in spite of + noun
despite
Despite the traffic, we arrived on time.
也是：
despite + noun
不能说：
❌ In spite of the traffic was bad, we arrived on time.
因为：
in spite of
后面不能直接使用：
subject + verb
19. although + 句子 vs despite + -ing
再比较：
I couldn’t sleep although I was very tired.
虽然我非常累，但是我睡不着。
结构：
although + I + was
可以改成：
I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired.
尽管非常累，但是我睡不着。
结构：
despite + being
不能说：
❌ despite I was very tired
20. 三种表达转换
这三个句子意思基本相同：
Although I was tired, I continued working.
In spite of being tired, I continued working.
Despite being tired, I continued working.
都可以理解为：
虽然我很累，但我还是继续工作。
但是结构不同：
although + I was tired
in spite of + being tired
despite + being tired
21. E. though / even though
22. though = although
Though means the same as although.
though = although
例如：
I didn’t apply for the job though I had the necessary qualifications.
虽然我具备必要的资格，但是我没有申请那份工作。
也可以说：
I didn’t apply for the job although I had the necessary qualifications.
23. though 更常用于口语
在日常英语中，though 非常常见。
例如：
Though I was tired, I kept working.
虽然我很累，我还是继续工作。
不过日常对话中，还有一种非常重要的用法：
though 放在句尾
24. 句尾 though
In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence.
例如：
The house isn’t so nice. I like the garden though.
这房子不怎么样，不过我挺喜欢这个花园的。
这里的：
though
≈
but I like the garden
所以句尾 though 经常可以理解成：
不过 / 但是 / 可是
再例如：
I see them every day. I’ve never spoken to them though.
我每天都能看到他们，不过我从来没有跟他们说过话。
这里：
though = but I’ve never spoken to them
25. 句尾 though 的口语感觉
这是非常实用的日常表达。
例如：
It’s expensive. I like it, though.
它很贵，不过我挺喜欢的。
The movie was long. It was interesting, though.
这部电影很长，不过挺有意思的。
I’m tired. I’m not sleepy, though.
我很累，不过我还不困。
这种：
..., though.
在口语中非常自然。
26. even though
Even though is similar to although.
even though ≈ although
但是：
even though
通常比：
although / though
语气更强。
可以理解为：
尽管 / 即使 / 虽然明明……却……
例如：
Even though I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep.
尽管我真的非常累，但我还是睡不着。
这里的反差很明显：
非常累 ↓ 正常应该很容易睡着 ↓ 但是却睡不着
所以使用：
even though
加强这种“出乎预期”的感觉。
27. 注意：不能用 even 单独代替 even though
正确：
✅ Even though I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep.
错误：
❌ Even I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep.
因为这里后面是：
I was really tired
一个完整的：
subject + verb
所以需要：
even though
28. although / though / even though 的比较
| 表达 | 基本含义 | 特点 |
|---|---|---|
| although | 虽然 / 尽管 | 标准、中性 |
| though | 虽然 / 不过 | 更常见于口语 |
| even though | 尽管 / 即使 | 语气更强，强调反差 |
例如：
Although I was tired, I went to work.
虽然我累，但我还是去上班了。
Though I was tired, I went to work.
虽然我累，但我还是去上班了。
Even though I was really tired, I went to work.
尽管我真的非常累，我还是去上班了。
第三句的反差最强。
29. although / despite / in spite of 结构对比
这是本单元最需要掌握的部分。
although / though / even though
后面：
subject + verb
例如：
Although I was tired, I worked.
Though I was tired, I worked.
Even though I was tired, I worked.
despite / in spite of
后面：
noun
pronoun
-ing
例如：
Despite the rain, we went out.
In spite of this, she continued.
Despite being tired, I worked.
30. 常见错误
错误 1
❌ Despite I was tired, I worked.
正确：
✅ Although I was tired, I worked.
或者：
✅ Despite being tired, I worked.
错误 2
❌ In spite of it was raining, we went out.
正确：
✅ Although it was raining, we went out.
或者：
✅ In spite of the rain, we went out.
错误 3
❌ Despite of the rain, we went out.
正确：
✅ Despite the rain, we went out.
错误 4
❌ Although the rain, we went out.
正确：
✅ Although it was raining, we went out.
或者：
✅ Despite the rain, we went out.
31. 快速转换模型
although → despite
Although it was raining, we went out.
↓
Despite the rain, we went out.
although → despite + -ing
Although I was tired, I continued working.
↓
Despite being tired, I continued working.
although → despite the fact that
Although I had the necessary qualifications, I didn’t apply.
↓
Despite the fact that I had the necessary qualifications, I didn’t apply.
32. 最终思维模型
这一单元不要只记中文意思，要重点记住后面接什么。
第一组：后面接完整句子
although + subject + verb
though + subject + verb
even though + subject + verb
例如：
Although it was raining, we went out.
Though it was raining, we went out.
Even though it was raining heavily, we went out.
第二组：后面接名词 / 代词 / -ing
in spite of + noun / pronoun / -ing
despite + noun / pronoun / -ing
例如：
In spite of the rain, we went out.
Despite the rain, we went out.
Despite being tired, I continued working.
最重要的结构对应
Although I was tired = Despite being tired
Although it rained = Despite the rain
Although the traffic was bad = In spite of the bad traffic
最终可以压缩成一句：
although / though / even though + 句子
despite / in spite of + 名词或 -ing
另外记住：
despite 没有 of
以及口语中非常实用的：
..., though. = ……，不过。
例如：
It’s expensive. I like it, though.
它很贵，不过我挺喜欢的。