Appearance
Unit 17 — have and have got
A. have and have got
1. have 和 have got 的基本含义
当我们表达下面这些意思时：
- possession 所有 / 拥有
- relationships 关系
- illnesses 疾病 / 身体状况
- appointments 安排 / 约定
可以使用：
have
或者：
have got
两者意思基本一样。
2. possession：拥有
例如：
They have a new car.
他们有一辆新车。
也可以说：
They’ve got a new car.
他们有一辆新车。
3. relationships：关系
Lisa has two brothers.
Lisa 有两个兄弟。
也可以说：
Lisa has got two brothers.
4. illnesses：身体状况
I have a headache.
我头疼。
也可以说：
I’ve got a headache.
我头疼。
5. possession：房子 / 花园
Our house has a small garden.
我们的房子有一个小花园。
或者：
Our house has got a small garden.
6. problems：问题
He has a few problems.
他有几个问题。
或者：
He’s got a few problems.
7. appointments / arrangements
I have a driving lesson tomorrow.
我明天有一节驾驶课。
或者：
I’ve got a driving lesson tomorrow.
8. have 和 have got 对比
| have | have got |
|---|---|
| They have a car. | They’ve got a car. |
| Lisa has two brothers. | Lisa has got two brothers. |
| I have a headache. | I’ve got a headache. |
| He has problems. | He’s got problems. |
核心：
have = have got
在这些“拥有 / 状态”意义中，两者没有明显意思区别。
9. 这些意义下通常不用进行时
当 have 表示：
拥有 / 状态
通常不用：
be having
例如：
We’re enjoying our holiday. We have / We’ve got a nice room in the hotel.
我们正在享受假期。
我们在酒店有一个不错的房间。
不能说：
❌ We’re having a nice room.
因为这里的 have 是：
拥有
不是动作。
10. 过去时通常用 had
表达过去的拥有状态时：
had
通常不用：
had got
例如：
Lisa had long hair when she was a child.
Lisa 小时候留着长头发。
不是：
❌ Lisa had got long hair.
B. Questions and negatives
have / have got 的疑问句和否定句
现在时中，有三种可能形式。
11. Do you have ...?
最常见的一种：
Do you have any questions?
你有什么问题吗？
否定：
I don’t have any questions.
我没有问题。
12. Have you got ...?
也非常常见：
Have you got any questions?
你有什么问题吗？
否定：
I haven’t got any questions.
我没有问题。
13. Have you ...?
还可以说：
Have you any questions?
但这种形式：
less usual
也就是：
比较少见。
否定：
I haven’t any questions.
同样比较少见。
14. 第三人称
do/does + have
Does she have a car?
她有车吗？
否定：
She doesn’t have a car.
has got
Has she got a car?
她有车吗？
否定：
She hasn’t got a car.
has she ...?
Has she a car?
这种形式也存在，但：
比较少见。
15. 三种结构总结
| 疑问 | 否定 |
|---|---|
| Do you have ...? | I don’t have ... |
| Have you got ...? | I haven’t got ... |
| Have you ...? | I haven’t ... |
第三人称：
| 疑问 | 否定 |
|---|---|
| Does she have ...? | She doesn’t have ... |
| Has she got ...? | She hasn’t got ... |
| Has she ...? | She hasn’t ... |
16. 过去时疑问和否定用 did / didn’t
过去时通常使用：
did + have
例如：
Did you have a car when you were living in Paris?
你住在巴黎的时候有车吗？
否定：
I didn’t have my phone, so I couldn’t call you.
我当时没带手机，所以没法给你打电话。
17. 反意疑问句
Lisa had long hair, didn’t she?
Lisa 当时留着长头发，对吧？
因为：
had
这里是 Past Simple
所以反意疑问使用：
didn’t she?
C. have breakfast / have a shower / have a good time
18. have 还可以表示“做 / 经历某件事”
这时：
have got 不可以使用。
例如：
- have breakfast
- have dinner
- have a shower
- have a bath
- have a swim
- have a rest
- have a holiday
- have a party
- have a look
- have a chat
- have a discussion
- have a good time
这里的 have：
不是“拥有”
而是：
进行 / 经历某个活动
19. 常见 have 搭配
| have + | 中文 |
|---|---|
| breakfast | 吃早餐 |
| dinner | 吃晚餐 |
| a cup of coffee | 喝杯咖啡 |
| something to eat | 吃点东西 |
| a bath | 洗澡 |
| a shower | 冲澡 |
| a swim | 游泳 |
| a break | 休息一下 |
| a rest | 休息 |
| a party | 举办 / 参加聚会 |
| a holiday | 度假 |
| an accident | 遇到事故 |
| an experience | 有一段经历 |
| a dream | 做梦 |
| a look | 看一下 |
| a chat | 聊一聊 |
| a discussion | 讨论 |
| a conversation | 交谈 |
| trouble | 遇到麻烦 |
| difficulty | 遇到困难 |
| fun | 玩得开心 |
| a good time | 玩得愉快 |
| a baby | 生孩子 |
20. have got 不能用于这些表达
例如：
Sometimes I have a sandwich for my lunch.
我有时候午饭吃一个三明治。
这里：
have = eat
所以不能说：
❌ I’ve got a sandwich for my lunch.
如果你说：
I’ve got some sandwiches.
意思变成：
我有几个三明治。
21. have vs have got 的意思差别
have = eat / experience
I have a sandwich for lunch.
我午饭吃三明治。
have got = possess
I’ve got some sandwiches.
我有一些三明治。
所以：
| Sentence | 意思 |
|---|---|
| I have a sandwich. | 我吃一个三明治 |
| I’ve got a sandwich. | 我有一个三明治 |
22. 这些 have 表达可以使用进行时
因为这里的 have 表示：
动作 / 活动
所以可以使用：
be having
例如：
We’re enjoying our holiday. We’re having a great time.
我们正在享受假期。
我们玩得很开心。
23. Example — having a shower
“Where’s Mark?” “He’s having a shower.”
“Mark 在哪里？”
“他正在洗澡。”
这里：
have a shower
是动作。
所以：
is having
完全正确。
24. have 的两种大类
这是 Unit 17 最重要的区别。
第一类：have = possess / state
表示：
- 拥有
- 关系
- 身体状态
- 安排
例如：
I have a car.
I have two brothers.
I have a headache.
这种 have：
通常不用进行时。
第二类：have = activity / experience
表示：
- 吃
- 喝
- 洗澡
- 休息
- 聊天
- 经历
例如：
I’m having lunch.
She’s having a shower.
We’re having a good time.
这种 have：
可以使用进行时。
25. 两类 have 对比
| have = 状态 / 拥有 | have = 动作 / 经历 |
|---|---|
| I have a car. | I’m having lunch. |
| She has two brothers. | She’s having a shower. |
| We have a nice room. | We’re having a good time. |
| 通常不用进行时 | 可以用进行时 |
| 可以用 have got | 不能用 have got |
26. Questions / negatives with activity have
当 have 表示：
活动 / 经历
疑问和否定使用：
do / does / did
例如：
I don’t usually have a big breakfast.
我通常早餐不会吃很多。
不是：
❌ I usually haven’t a big breakfast.
27. Example — Where does Chris usually have lunch?
Where does Chris usually have lunch?
Chris 通常在哪里吃午饭？
结构：
does + subject + have
28. Example — Did you have trouble ...?
Did you have trouble finding somewhere to stay?
你找住的地方时遇到困难了吗？
不是：
❌ Had you trouble ...?
现代英语中更自然的是：
Did you have ...?
29. have got 的结构
肯定
I’ve got a car.
She’s got a car.
否定
I haven’t got a car.
She hasn’t got a car.
疑问
Have you got a car?
Has she got a car?
30. have 的结构
肯定
I have a car.
She has a car.
否定
I don’t have a car.
She doesn’t have a car.
疑问
Do you have a car?
Does she have a car?
31. have vs have got 完整对照
| have | have got |
|---|---|
| I have a car. | I’ve got a car. |
| She has a car. | She’s got a car. |
| I don’t have a car. | I haven’t got a car. |
| She doesn’t have a car. | She hasn’t got a car. |
| Do you have a car? | Have you got a car? |
| Does she have a car? | Has she got a car? |
32. have got 主要用于现在
这一点非常重要。
现在
I’ve got a car.
很自然。
过去
通常：
I had a car.
不是：
❌ I had got a car.
所以：
| 时间 | 推荐 |
|---|---|
| 现在 | have / have got |
| 过去 | had |
33. have got 中的 got 不要理解成“得到”
例如：
I’ve got a car.
这里通常不是：
“我已经得到了一辆车。”
而是：
我有一辆车。
所以：
have got = have
在这种结构里把它当一个整体理解更简单。
34. have got vs have gotten
不要混淆：
have got
和：
have gotten
例如美式英语：
I’ve gotten better.
意思：
我已经变得更好了。
这里：
gotten = get 的过去分词
和：
I’ve got a car.
中的 have got 不是同一种用法。
35. 常用口语
日常口语里，下面这些非常高频：
I’ve got an idea.
我有个主意。
Have you got a minute?
你有一分钟吗？
I’ve got a headache.
我头疼。
She’s got two children.
她有两个孩子。
36. have got 的缩写
| 完整形式 | 缩写 |
|---|---|
| I have got | I’ve got |
| you have got | you’ve got |
| we have got | we’ve got |
| they have got | they’ve got |
| he has got | he’s got |
| she has got | she’s got |
| it has got | it’s got |
37. he’s got 的 he’s 是 has
注意：
He’s got a car.
这里：
he’s = he has
不是：
he is
因为：
he is got
不成立。
同理：
She’s got
= she has got
38. 图片中的例句汇总
A — possession / state
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| They have a new car. | 他们有一辆新车。 |
| They’ve got a new car. | 他们有一辆新车。 |
| Lisa has two brothers. | Lisa 有两个兄弟。 |
| Lisa has got two brothers. | Lisa 有两个兄弟。 |
| I have a headache. | 我头疼。 |
| I’ve got a headache. | 我头疼。 |
| Our house has a small garden. | 我们家有一个小花园。 |
| He has a few problems. | 他有几个问题。 |
| I have a driving lesson tomorrow. | 我明天有驾驶课。 |
| Lisa had long hair. | Lisa 当时留着长发。 |
B — questions / negatives
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Do you have any questions? | 你有问题吗？ |
| Have you got any questions? | 你有问题吗？ |
| I don’t have any questions. | 我没有问题。 |
| I haven’t got any questions. | 我没有问题。 |
| Does she have a car? | 她有车吗？ |
| Has she got a car? | 她有车吗？ |
| She doesn’t have a car. | 她没有车。 |
| She hasn’t got a car. | 她没有车。 |
| Did you have a car? | 你当时有车吗？ |
| I didn’t have my phone. | 我当时没带手机。 |
C — activity / experience
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I have a sandwich for lunch. | 我午饭吃三明治。 |
| I’ve got some sandwiches. | 我有一些三明治。 |
| We’re having a great time. | 我们玩得很开心。 |
| He’s having a shower. | 他正在洗澡。 |
| I don’t usually have a big breakfast. | 我通常早餐吃得不多。 |
| Where does Chris usually have lunch? | Chris 通常在哪里吃午饭？ |
| Did you have trouble finding somewhere to stay? | 你找住处时遇到困难了吗？ |
39. 最重要的判断方法
看到 have 时，先不要急着判断语法。
先问：
这里的 have 是“拥有”，还是“做 / 经历”？
如果是“拥有 / 状态”
例如：
I have a car.
可以：
have
或者：
have got
通常不用：
be having
如果是“活动 / 经历”
例如：
have lunch
have a shower
have a good time
只能用：
have
不能用：
have got
而且可以使用：
be having
40. 一个最实用的对比
I have a shower.
可以有两种语境。
如果是习惯：
I have a shower every morning.
我每天早上洗澡。
正在发生：
I’m having a shower now.
我现在正在洗澡。
但是不能说：
❌ I’ve got a shower.
来表示：
“我正在洗澡”。
如果说：
I’ve got a shower.
更可能表示：
我有一个淋浴设施。
41. 最终思维模型
HAVE = POSSESSION / STATE
PERSON
│
▼
HAS SOMETHING
例如：
I have a car.
I’ve got a car.
特点：
have = have got
通常不用 continuous
HAVE = ACTIVITY / EXPERIENCE
PERSON
│
▼
DOES / EXPERIENCES │ ▼ HAVE
例如：
have breakfast
have a shower
have a good time
特点：
不能用 have got
可以使用 continuous
42. 最终对照表
| 意义 | have | have got | Continuous |
|---|---|---|---|
| 拥有汽车 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| 有兄弟姐妹 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| 头疼 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| 有预约 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| 吃早餐 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| 洗澡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| 聊天 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| 玩得开心 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| 经历困难 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
一句话记忆
have / have got
表示：
拥有 / 状态
例如：
I have a car. I’ve got a car.
have
表示：
吃、喝、做、经历
例如：
have breakfast have a shower have a chat have a good time
这时：
不能用 have got
最核心：
HAVE = 状态时 → HAVE / HAVE GOT
HAVE = 动作时 → HAVE，不用 HAVE GOT
以及：
状态 have 通常不用 -ing
动作 have 可以用 -ing
例如：
I have a car. ✅
I’m having lunch. ✅