Appearance
Unit 45 — it is said that ... / he is said to ... / he is supposed to ...
A. it is said that ... / he is said to ...
1. Example situation
George 年纪很大。
George is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but:
可以说：
It is said that he is 108 years old.
据说他 108 岁。
也可以说：
He is said to be 108 years old.
据说他 108 岁。
这两句话意思相同，都等于：
People say that he is 108 years old.
2. 两种常见结构
结构 1
It is said that + clause
例如：
It is said that he is 108 years old.
结构 2
Subject + is said to + verb
例如：
He is said to be 108 years old.
3. 核心转换
主动：
People say that he is 108 years old.
被动方式 1：
It is said that he is 108 years old.
被动方式 2：
He is said to be 108 years old.
4. 可以使用这种结构的常见动词
除了：
said
还常见：
- alleged
- believed
- considered
- expected
- known
- reported
- thought
- understood
5. Cathy loves running
Cathy loves running.
Cathy 很喜欢跑步。
可以说：
It is said that she runs 10 miles a day.
据说她每天跑 10 英里。
或者：
She is said to run 10 miles a day.
据说她每天跑 10 英里。
6. is said to run
结构：
subject + be said to + verb
例如：
She is said to run 10 miles a day.
这里：
to run
表示：
被认为 / 据说她平时就是这样做。
7. The boy is believed to be wearing ...
The police are looking for a missing boy.
警方正在寻找一个失踪男孩。
可以说：
It is believed that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
据信这个男孩穿着白色毛衣和蓝色牛仔裤。
或者：
The boy is believed to be wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
8. is believed to be doing
这里的结构：
be believed to be + V-ing
表示：
据信某人正在做某事。
例如：
He is believed to be living abroad.
据信他现在住在国外。
9. The strike is expected to end soon
The strike started three weeks ago.
罢工三周前开始了。
可以说：
It is expected that it will end soon.
预计罢工很快会结束。
或者：
The strike is expected to end soon.
预计罢工很快结束。
10. is expected to do
结构：
subject + be expected to + verb
例如：
The strike is expected to end soon.
重点：
预计未来会发生这个动作。
11. He is alleged to have stolen a car
A friend of mine has been arrested.
我的一个朋友被捕了。
可以说：
It is alleged that he stole a car.
据称他偷了一辆车。
或者：
He is alleged to have stolen a car.
据称他偷过一辆车。
12. 为什么是 to have stolen？
因为：
偷车发生在“现在被指控 / 被说”之前。
所以使用：
to have + past participle
即：
perfect infinitive
结构：
be alleged to have done
13. 一般式 vs 完成式
| 结构 | 时间关系 |
|---|---|
| is said to be/do | 和现在或通常情况有关 |
| is said to be doing | 正在发生 |
| is said to have done | 更早已经发生 |
例如：
He is said to be rich.
据说他很有钱。
He is said to be living in Paris.
据说他现在住在巴黎。
He is said to have stolen the money.
据说他之前偷了钱。
14. There is said to be ...
The two houses belong to the same family.
这两栋房子属于同一个家庭。
可以说：
It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.
据说它们之间有一条秘密隧道。
或者：
There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
据说它们之间有一条秘密隧道。
15. there is said to be
结构：
There is said to be + noun
例如：
There is said to be a problem.
据说有一个问题。
There are believed to be several reasons.
据信有几个原因。
16. 新闻报道中很常见
这些结构经常用于：
news reports
例如：
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion.
据报道，有两人在爆炸中受伤。
或者：
Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
据报道，有两人在爆炸中受伤。
17. are reported to have been injured
这里：
have been injured
是：
完成式 + 被动
结构：
to have been + past participle
因为：
受伤发生在报道之前。
18. 结构总表
| 原句 | 被动表达 |
|---|---|
| People say that he is old. | It is said that he is old. |
| People say that he is old. | He is said to be old. |
| People believe he is working. | He is believed to be working. |
| People allege he stole a car. | He is alleged to have stolen a car. |
| People report they were injured. | They are reported to have been injured. |
B. supposed to ...
19. supposed to 可以和 said to 类似
supposed to
有时可以和：
said to
用法相似。
例如：
I want to see that film. It’s supposed to be good.
我想看那部电影。
据说很好看。
这里：
It’s supposed to be good.
≈
People say it’s good.
20. He’s supposed to have robbed a bank
There are many stories about Joe.
关于 Joe 有很多传闻。
He’s supposed to have robbed a bank many years ago.
据说他很多年前抢过银行。
这里：
supposed to have robbed
表示：
据说过去发生过。
21. Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China
Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China.
据说烟花是在中国发明的。
结构：
are supposed to have been + past participle
这里同时包含：
- supposed to
- perfect infinitive
- passive
22. supposed to 的另一种重要意思
有时候：
supposed to
并不是“据说”。
它还可以表示：
本来应该 / 按计划应该 / 按规定应该
图片中的解释：
We use supposed to to say what is intended, arranged or expected.
也就是：
- intended
- arranged
- expected
通常：
现实情况可能和原本安排不同。
23. The plan is supposed to be a secret
The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it.
这个计划本来应该是秘密，但好像大家都知道了。
意思：
The plan is intended to be a secret.
24. You’re supposed to be on holiday
What are you doing at work? You’re supposed to be on holiday.
你怎么还在工作？
你不是应该在休假吗？
这里：
supposed to be
表示：
按安排，你应该正在休假。
25. Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30
Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30, but they were late.
我们的客人本来应该 7:30 到，但他们迟到了。
这里：
were supposed to come
表示：
原计划 / 原安排是 7:30 到。
但：
实际没有按计划发生。
26. Jane was supposed to phone me
Jane was supposed to phone me last night, but she didn’t.
Jane 昨晚本来应该给我打电话，但她没打。
核心：
was supposed to do
= 本来应该做，但实际上可能没有做。
27. I’m supposed to be meeting Chris
I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.
我最好快点。
我十分钟后应该要和 Chris 见面。
这里：
supposed to be meeting
表示：
已经安排好的事情。
28. supposed to 的两个主要意思
| 用法 | 含义 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 传闻 | 据说 | He’s supposed to be rich. |
| 计划 / 规定 | 应该 / 本来应该 | You’re supposed to be here at 9. |
29. You’re not supposed to ...
You’re not supposed to do something
通常表示：
不允许 / 不应该做某事
30. You’re not supposed to park here
You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
你不应该把车停在这里。
这里是私人停车位。
意思：
不允许停在这里。
31. He’s not supposed to exercise too hard
Joe is much better after his illness, but he’s not supposed to exercise too hard.
Joe 病后已经好多了，但他不应该运动得太剧烈。
这里：
not supposed to
表示：
不建议 / 不允许。
32. supposed to 的时态变化
现在
I am supposed to meet Tom.
我应该 / 按计划要见 Tom。
过去
I was supposed to meet Tom.
我本来应该见 Tom。
否定
I’m not supposed to park here.
我不应该 / 不允许停这里。
33. said to vs supposed to
said to
主要表示：
据说 / 据报道 / 人们认为
例如：
He is said to be rich.
据说他很有钱。
supposed to
既可以表示：
据说
例如：
He is supposed to be rich.
据说他很有钱。
也可以表示：
本来应该 / 按安排应该
例如：
He is supposed to be at work now.
他现在按理应该在上班。
34. 图片中的全部重点例句
A — said / believed / expected / alleged / reported
It is said that he is 108 years old.
He is said to be 108 years old.
It is said that she runs 10 miles a day.
She is said to run 10 miles a day.
It is believed that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
The boy is believed to be wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
It is expected that the strike will end soon.
The strike is expected to end soon.
It is alleged that he stole a car.
He is alleged to have stolen a car.
It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.
There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion.
Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
B — supposed to
It’s supposed to be good.
He’s supposed to have robbed a bank many years ago.
Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China.
The plan is supposed to be a secret.
You’re supposed to be on holiday.
Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30.
Jane was supposed to phone me last night.
I’m supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.
You’re not supposed to park your car here.
He’s not supposed to exercise too hard.
35. 最重要的结构模型
It is said that ...
It + passive reporting verb + that-clause
例如：
It is believed that he is innocent.
据认为他是无辜的。
He is said to ...
Subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive
例如：
He is believed to be innocent.
据认为他是无辜的。
36. 根据时间选择 to 后面的结构
同时 / 一般状态
to do / to be
例如：
He is said to be rich.
正在发生
to be doing
例如：
He is believed to be living abroad.
更早已经发生
to have done
例如：
He is alleged to have stolen the car.
更早已经被做
to have been done
例如：
The building is believed to have been built in 1900.
37. reporting structure 总表
| 时间关系 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 一般 / 同时 | to do / to be |
| 正在发生 | to be doing |
| 之前发生 | to have done |
| 之前被做 | to have been done |
38. 例子对比
现在状态
He is said to be very rich.
据说他很有钱。
现在正在做
He is said to be living in London.
据说他现在住在伦敦。
过去已经做过
He is said to have lived in London.
据说他以前住过伦敦。
过去已经被做
He is reported to have been arrested.
据报道他已经被捕。
39. 主动句转换思维
例如：
People believe that he is living abroad.
可以转换成：
It is believed that he is living abroad.
或者：
He is believed to be living abroad.
再例如：
People say that he stole the money.
可以说：
It is said that he stole the money.
或者：
He is said to have stolen the money.
40. 为什么 stole 变成 to have stolen？
因为原句：
People say now
但是：
he stole the money before
所以时间关系是：
STOLE MONEY PEOPLE SAY NOW
│ │
└───────────────────────▶
更早的动作：
to have stolen
41. supposed to 表示“本来应该”的思维
例如：
Jane was supposed to phone me.
可以理解成：
PLAN / EXPECTATION
│
▼
PHONE ME
│
X
didn't happen
所以常常会接：
but she didn’t.
42. be supposed to 和 should 的区别
两者都可能翻译成：
“应该”
但是感觉不同。
should
说话者认为应该这样
例如：
You should exercise more.
你应该多运动。
be supposed to
按照规定 / 安排 / 预期应该这样
例如：
You’re supposed to wear a uniform.
按规定你应该穿制服。
43. should vs supposed to
| should | be supposed to |
|---|---|
| 建议 / 判断 | 规定 / 安排 / 预期 |
| 你最好这么做 | 按规则本来就该这么做 |
| You should arrive early. | You’re supposed to arrive at 8. |
44. 最容易混淆的一组
He is supposed to be rich.
可能表示：
据说他很有钱。
这里：
supposed to ≈ said to
He is supposed to be at work.
更可能表示：
他按理应该在上班。
这里：
supposed to = expected / arranged
所以必须：
根据上下文判断意思。
45. 最终结构表
| 想表达 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 据说…… | It is said that ... |
| 据说某人…… | He is said to ... |
| 据信…… | It is believed that ... |
| 某人被认为…… | He is believed to ... |
| 据称过去做过 | He is alleged to have done ... |
| 据报道已经被…… | He is reported to have been done ... |
| 据说 | be supposed to ... |
| 按计划应该 | be supposed to ... |
| 本来应该 | was/were supposed to ... |
| 不允许 / 不应该 | not supposed to ... |
46. 一句话记忆
It is said that ...
据说……
He is said to ...
据说某人……
He is said to have done ...
据说某人之前做过……
He is said to be doing ...
据说某人正在做……
be supposed to
有两个核心意思：
① 据说
② 按规定 / 安排 / 预期应该
Unit 45 最核心总结
People say that he is rich. ↓ It is said that he is rich. ↓ He is said to be rich.
如果动作更早发生：
People say that he stole the money. ↓ He is said to have stolen the money.
而：
be supposed to
既可以表示：
据说
也可以表示：
本来应该 / 按规定应该
最值得直接记住：
He is said to be 108 years old.
He is alleged to have stolen a car.
You’re supposed to be on holiday.
You’re not supposed to park here.