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Unit 122 — on time and in time , at the end and in the end


A. on time and in time

1. on time

on time = punctual, not late

on time = 准时,按时,不迟到

If something happens on time, it happens at the time that was planned.

如果某件事情 on time 发生,表示它在原定、计划好的时间发生

例句

  • The 11.45 train left on time. (= it left at 11.45)

    11:45 的火车准时出发了。 (= 火车在 11:45 出发)

  • Please be on time. Don’t be late.

    准时到。不要迟到。

  • The conference was well-organised. Everything began and finished on time.

    会议组织得很好。所有事情都按时开始并按时结束。


2. in time

in time (for something / to do something) = soon enough

in time = 及时,来得及

强调:

在还来得及做某件事情之前到达或完成

不一定是“准时”,只要没有太晚就可以。


in time for something

结构:

in time for + 名词

例如:

  • Will you be home in time for dinner? (= soon enough for dinner)

    你能及时赶回家吃晚饭吗


in time to do something

结构:

in time to + 动词原形

例如:

  • I sent Amy a birthday present. I hope it arrives in time. (= on or before her birthday)

    我给 Amy 寄了一份生日礼物。我希望它能及时到达。 (= 在她生日当天或之前到达)

  • I’m in a hurry. I want to get home in time to watch the game on TV. (= soon enough to see the game)

    我很赶时间。我想及时赶回家看电视上的比赛。


3. on time 和 in time 的核心区别

on time

强调:

按照计划好的时间

例如:

The meeting started on time.

会议准时开始了。

假设会议计划:

9:00 开始

那么:

9:00 开始 → on time


in time

强调:

及时 / 还来得及

例如:

I arrived in time for the meeting.

及时赶上了会议

可能会议 9:00 开始,而你:

8:50 到 ✓ 8:55 到 ✓ 8:59 到 ✓

重点不是严格按照某个时间点,而是:

没有错过会议


4. in time 的反义词:too late

The opposite of in time is too late.

in time ↔ too late

例如:

I got home too late to watch the game on TV.

我回家太晚了,没赶上看电视上的比赛。

结构:

too late to do something

表示:

太晚了,以至于来不及做某事


5. just in time

just in time = almost too late

just in time = 刚好及时 / 差一点就来不及

例如:

  • We got to the station just in time for our train.

    我们刚好及时赶到车站,赶上了火车

  • A child ran into the road in front of the car, but I managed to stop just in time.

    一个孩子突然跑到车前面的马路上,但我刚好及时刹住了车

可以理解成:

too late ← just in time ← in time

just in time 强调:

再晚一点就来不及了。


6. on time / in time / just in time 对比

表达核心意思重点
on time准时按计划时间
in time及时、来得及没有太晚
just in time刚刚赶上差一点就晚了
too late太晚已经来不及

例如火车 8:00 发车:

I arrived at 7:50. I was in time.

我 7:50 到了,来得及

The train left at exactly 8:00. It left on time.

火车正好 8:00 出发,准时发车

I arrived at 7:59. I was just in time.

我 7:59 到,刚好赶上

I arrived at 8:05. I was too late.

我 8:05 到,太晚了


7. B. at the end and in the end

8. at the end

at the end (of something) = at the time when something ends

at the end of ... = 在……结束的时候 / 在……末尾

它强调的是:

某个时间、事件、过程或事物的末端


常见结构

at the end of + 名词

例如:

  • at the end of the month
  • at the end of January
  • at the end of the game
  • at the end of the film
  • at the end of the course
  • at the end of the concert

例句

  • I’m going away at the end of January / at the end of the month.

    我打算一月底 / 月底离开。

  • At the end of the concert, everyone applauded.

    音乐会结束时,所有人都鼓掌了。

  • The players shook hands at the end of the game.

    球员们在比赛结束时握手。


9. 不说 in the end of ...

注意:

我们不说:

in the end of January

应该说:

at the end of January

同样:

❌ in the end of the movie

应该说:

at the end of the movie

所以,只要后面有:

of + 某件事情

通常想到:

at the end of ...


10. at the beginning

The opposite of at the end is at the beginning.

at the end ↔ at the beginning

例如:

I’m going away at the beginning of January.

我准备在一月初离开。

不是:

❌ in the beginning of January

这里应该使用:

at the beginning of January


11. in the end

in the end = finally

in the end = 最后,最终,结果

它不是强调某个东西的“末尾”,而是强调:

经过一段过程之后,最终发生了什么

可以直接理解为:

finally


例句

  • We had a lot of problems with our car. We sold it in the end. (= finally we sold it)

    我们的车出了很多问题。最后我们把它卖了。

  • He got more and more angry. In the end he just walked out of the room.

    他越来越生气。最后,他直接走出了房间。

  • Alan couldn’t decide where to go for his holidays. He didn’t go anywhere in the end.

    Alan 一直决定不了去哪里度假。结果他最后哪儿也没去。

注意这里不能说:

❌ He didn’t go anywhere at the end.

因为这里表达的是:

最终结果

而不是:

某件事情结束的那个时间点


12. in the end 的反义表达:at first

The opposite of in the end is at first.

at first ↔ in the end

例如:

At first we didn’t get on very well, but in the end we became good friends.

一开始我们相处得不太好,但最后我们成了好朋友。


13. at the end 和 in the end 的核心区别

at the end

强调:

某件事情结束的时间点 / 末尾

通常:

at the end of + 名词

例如:

at the end of the movie

电影结束的时候

at the end of the month

月底

at the end of the year

年底


in the end

强调:

最终结果

等于:

finally

例如:

In the end, we decided not to go.

最后,我们决定不去了。


14. 一个例子同时理解两者

假设你看了一部电影:

At the end of the movie, the main character went home.

电影结尾的时候,主角回家了。

这里说的是:

电影的末尾

所以使用:

at the end of the movie


如果你说:

We couldn’t decide which movie to watch. In the end, we watched Titanic.

我们一直决定不了看哪部电影。最后,我们看了《Titanic》。

这里说的是:

经过讨论后的最终结果

所以使用:

in the end


15. at the end / in the end 快速判断

看到“最后”,不要直接翻译成 end

先问自己:

① 是“某件事情结束的时候”吗?

使用:

at the end of ...

例如:

在会议结束时 at the end of the meeting

在这个月底 at the end of this month

在比赛结束时 at the end of the game


② 是“经过一系列事情以后,最终……”吗?

使用:

in the end

例如:

最后我们决定回家。

In the end, we decided to go home.


16. 四个表达的最终思维模型

这一单元其实可以分成两组。

第一组:on time / in time

on time

按计划时间

关键词:

准时

例如:

The train arrived on time.

火车准时到达。


in time

before it is too late

关键词:

来得及 / 及时

例如:

We arrived in time to catch the train.

我们及时赶到,赶上了火车。


第二组:at the end / in the end

at the end

某件事情的末尾

关键词:

结束的时候

通常:

at the end of + 名词

例如:

at the end of the year

年底


in the end

finally

关键词:

最终 / 结果

例如:

In the end, we stayed at home.

最后,我们待在了家里。


17. 最核心公式

on time = punctual = 准时


in time = soon enough / before it is too late = 及时 / 来得及


just in time = almost too late = 刚刚赶上 / 差一点就来不及


at the end of + 名词 = 在……结束的时候 / 在……末尾


in the end = finally = 最后 / 最终


18. 一组句子记住整个 Unit 122

The train left on time.

火车准时出发。

I arrived in time to catch the train.

及时赶到并赶上了火车

I arrived just in time.

刚好赶上

At the end of the journey, I was very tired.

旅程结束时,我非常累。

In the end, I decided to take a taxi home.

最后,我决定坐出租车回家。