Appearance
Unit 43 — Passive 2
be done / been done / being done
A. Infinitive
be done
1. 主动语态
Infinitive 主动形式：
(to) do / clean / see etc.
例如：
Somebody will clean the room later.
稍后会有人打扫这个房间。
2. 被动语态
Infinitive 被动形式：
(to) be + past participle
也就是：
(to) be + done / cleaned / seen
例如：
The room will be cleaned later.
这个房间稍后会被打扫。
3. will clean → will be cleaned
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody will clean the room. | The room will be cleaned. |
| will + do | will + be + done |
核心：
modal / will + be + past participle
4. Something must be done
The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
情况很严重。
必须在为时已晚之前采取行动。
这里：
must + be done
表示：
某事必须“被做”。
5. can’t be explained
A mystery is something that can’t be explained.
谜团就是无法被解释的事情。
结构：
can’t + be + explained
6. could be heard
The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
音乐非常响，很远的地方都能听见。
结构：
could + be + heard
7. is going to be built
A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
明年将建造一家新超市。
结构：
be going to be + past participle
8. to be left alone
Please go away. I want to be left alone.
请走开。
我想一个人待着 / 我想不被打扰。
这里：
to be left
是：
被动不定式
9. Infinitive Passive 结构总结
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| must be done | Something must be done. |
| can’t be explained | It can’t be explained. |
| could be heard | It could be heard. |
| going to be built | It is going to be built. |
| want to be left | I want to be left alone. |
核心：
be + past participle
B. Perfect infinitive
have been done
10. 主动结构
Perfect infinitive 主动形式：
(to) have + past participle
例如：
Somebody should have cleaned the room.
某人本应该已经打扫这个房间。
11. 被动结构
Perfect infinitive 被动形式：
(to) have been + past participle
例如：
The room should have been cleaned.
这个房间本应该已经被打扫了。
12. should have cleaned → should have been cleaned
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody should have cleaned the room. | The room should have been cleaned. |
| should have + done | should have been + done |
核心：
modal + have been + past participle
13. might have been sent
I haven’t received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
我还没收到那封信。
它可能被寄到错误的地址了。
14. wouldn’t have been stolen
If you had locked the car, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
如果你当时锁了车，它就不会被偷了。
15. seem to have been solved
There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.
一开始有一些问题，不过现在看来这些问题已经被解决了。
16. Perfect Infinitive Passive 总结
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| should have been cleaned | The room should have been cleaned. |
| might have been sent | It might have been sent. |
| would have been stolen | It would have been stolen. |
| to have been solved | They seem to have been solved. |
核心：
have been + past participle
C. Present Perfect / Past Perfect Passive
Present Perfect Passive
17. 主动结构
have / has + past participle
例如：
Somebody has cleaned the room.
有人已经把房间打扫了。
18. 被动结构
have / has been + past participle
例如：
The room has been cleaned.
房间已经被打扫了。
19. has cleaned → has been cleaned
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody has cleaned it. | It has been cleaned. |
| has + done | has been + done |
20. has been cancelled
Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled.
你听说了吗？
这次旅行已经被取消了。
21. Have you ever been bitten?
Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
你曾经被狗咬过吗？
22. I haven’t been invited
“Are you going to the party?” “No, I haven’t been invited.”
“你要去参加聚会吗？”
“不，我没有被邀请。”
Past Perfect Passive
23. 主动结构
had + past participle
例如：
Somebody had cleaned the room.
有人之前已经打扫过这个房间。
24. 被动结构
had been + past participle
例如：
The room had been cleaned.
这个房间之前已经被打扫过了。
25. had cleaned → had been cleaned
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody had cleaned it. | It had been cleaned. |
| had + done | had been + done |
26. had been cooked
The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked too long.
这些蔬菜味道不好。
它们之前被煮得太久了。
27. hadn’t been used
The car was three years old, but hadn’t been used very much.
这辆车已经三年了，但并没有被经常使用。
28. Present Perfect vs Past Perfect Passive
| Present Perfect Passive | Past Perfect Passive |
|---|---|
| have/has been + done | had been + done |
| 到现在已经被做 | 到过去某时已经被做 |
| has been cleaned | had been cleaned |
| has been cancelled | had been cancelled |
D. Continuous Passive
being done
Present Continuous Passive
29. 主动结构
am / is / are + V-ing
例如：
Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.
现在有人正在打扫房间。
30. 被动结构
am / is / are + being + past participle
例如：
The room is being cleaned at the moment.
这个房间现在正在被打扫。
31. is cleaning → is being cleaned
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody is cleaning the room. | The room is being cleaned. |
| is + cleaning | is + being + cleaned |
核心：
be + being + past participle
32. are being followed
There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed.
有人一直走在我们后面。
我觉得我们正在被跟踪。
33. is being built
A new bridge is being built across the river. It will be finished next year.
河上正在修建一座新桥。
明年会完工。
Past Continuous Passive
34. 主动结构
was / were + V-ing
例如：
Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.
我到的时候，有人正在打扫房间。
35. 被动结构
was / were + being + past participle
例如：
The room was being cleaned when I arrived.
我到的时候，房间正在被打扫。
36. was cleaning → was being cleaned
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody was cleaning the room. | The room was being cleaned. |
| was + cleaning | was + being + cleaned |
37. were being followed
There was somebody walking behind us. I think we were being followed.
当时有人一直走在我们后面。
我觉得我们当时正在被跟踪。
38. be / been / being 的核心区别
| 形式 | 核心感觉 |
|---|---|
| be done | 被做 |
| been done | 已经被做 |
| being done | 正在被做 |
39. 一个动词的完整变化
以 clean 为例：
| 时态 / 结构 | 被动语态 |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | The room is cleaned every day. |
| Past Simple | The room was cleaned yesterday. |
| Future | The room will be cleaned later. |
| Modal | The room must be cleaned. |
| Present Continuous | The room is being cleaned now. |
| Past Continuous | The room was being cleaned when I arrived. |
| Present Perfect | The room has been cleaned. |
| Past Perfect | The room had been cleaned before I arrived. |
| Perfect Modal | The room should have been cleaned. |
40. 被动语态总公式
PASSIVE = BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
真正发生变化的是：
BE
例如：
| 形式 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| is done | is + done |
| was done | was + done |
| be done | be + done |
| being done | being + done |
| been done | been + done |
41. being vs been
这是这一单元最重要的区别。
being
表示：
正在被……
例如：
The room is being cleaned.
房间正在被打扫。
动作：
还没有结束。
been
表示：
已经被……
例如：
The room has been cleaned.
房间已经被打扫好了。
动作：
已经完成。
42. be done
表示：
被做
常出现在：
- will 后
- must 后
- can 后
- could 后
- going to 后
- to 后
例如：
It will be done.
它会被完成。
It must be done.
它必须被完成。
It can be done.
它可以被完成。
43. been done
常出现在：
have / has / had
之后。
例如：
It has been done.
它已经被完成。
It had been done.
它当时已经被完成。
44. being done
常出现在进行时中：
is / are / was / were + being + V3
例如：
It is being done.
它正在被做。
It was being done.
它当时正在被做。
45. Active vs Passive 完整对比
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Somebody will clean the room. | The room will be cleaned. |
| Somebody should have cleaned the room. | The room should have been cleaned. |
| Somebody has cleaned the room. | The room has been cleaned. |
| Somebody had cleaned the room. | The room had been cleaned. |
| Somebody is cleaning the room. | The room is being cleaned. |
| Somebody was cleaning the room. | The room was being cleaned. |
46. 最实用的判断方法
如果中文是：
会被 / 必须被 / 可以被
使用：
be + V3
例如：
will be built
must be done
如果中文是：
已经被
使用：
been + V3
例如：
has been cleaned
had been stolen
如果中文是：
正在被
使用：
being + V3
例如：
is being cleaned
was being followed
47. 一句话记忆
be done
被做
been done
已经被做
being done
正在被做
Unit 43 最核心总结
| 中文感觉 | 英文结构 |
|---|---|
| 被做 | be done |
| 已经被做 | been done |
| 正在被做 | being done |
最值得直接记住的三个句子：
The room will be cleaned. 房间会被打扫。
The room has been cleaned. 房间已经被打扫好了。
The room is being cleaned. 房间正在被打扫。
核心公式：
PASSIVE = BE + PAST PARTICIPLE