Appearance
Unit 49 — Questions 1
A. 疑问句中的主语位置
在疑问句中，主语（subject）通常放在第一个动词之后。
1. 基本语序变化
| 陈述句：subject + verb | → | 疑问句：verb + subject |
|---|---|---|
| Tom will | → | will Tom? |
| you have | → | have you? |
| the house was | → | was the house? |
例如：
Will Tom be here tomorrow?
Have you been working hard?
When was the house built?
2. 主语放在第一个动词之后
Is Katherine working today?
不是：
❌ Is working Katherine?
结构：
auxiliary / be + subject + ...
例如：
Is Katherine working today?
Have you finished?
Will Tom come?
B. Present simple 和 Past simple 的疑问句
3. Present simple 使用 do / does
在**一般现在时（present simple）**的疑问句中，我们使用：
do / does
结构变化：
| 陈述句 | → | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| you live | → | do you live? |
| the film starts | → | does the film start? |
例如：
Do you live near here?
What time does the film start?
注意：
does 后面的动词使用原形。
所以：
✅ Does the film start?
不是：
❌ Does the film starts?
4. Past simple 使用 did
在**一般过去时（past simple）**的疑问句中，我们使用：
did
结构变化：
| 陈述句 | → | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| you sold | → | did you sell? |
| the train stopped | → | did the train stop? |
例如：
Did you sell your car?
Why did the train stop?
注意：
did 后面的动词使用原形。
所以：
sold → did ... sell
stopped → did ... stop
5. who / what 是主语时，不使用 do / does / did
这是这一单元非常重要的规则。
如果：
who / what 是句子的主语
那么不要使用：
do / does / did
6. who 是宾语（object）
原句：
Emma phoned somebody.
这里：
- Emma = subject
- somebody = object
我们不知道 Emma 给谁打了电话，所以问：
Who did Emma phone?
这里的 who 替代的是：
somebody
也就是宾语 object。
结构：
Who + did + Emma + phone?
↑ ↑
object subject
所以需要：
did
7. who 是主语（subject）
原句：
Somebody phoned Emma.
这里：
- somebody = subject
- Emma = object
我们不知道“谁”给 Emma 打了电话，所以问：
Who phoned Emma?
这里的 who 本身就是主语。
结构：
Who + phoned + Emma?
↑
subject
因此：
✅ Who phoned Emma?
不是：
❌ Who did phone Emma?
8. who 作宾语 vs who 作主语
| 类型 | 原句 | 问句 |
|---|---|---|
| who = object | Emma phoned somebody. | Who did Emma phone? |
| who = subject | Somebody phoned Emma. | Who phoned Emma? |
最简单的判断方法：
问“Emma 给谁打电话？”
Who did Emma phone?
这里已经有主语：
Emma
所以 who 是宾语，需要：
did
问“谁给 Emma 打电话？”
Who phoned Emma?
这里没有其他主语，因为：
who 本身就是主语。
所以不使用：
do / does / did
9. who / what 等作为主语的例子
在下面这些例子中：
who / what etc. is the subject
所以不使用 do / does / did。
Who wants ...?
Who wants something to eat?
谁想吃点东西？
不是：
❌ Who does want something to eat?
What happened ...?
What happened to you last night?
你昨晚发生什么事了？
不是：
❌ What did happen to you last night?
How many people came ...?
How many people came to the party?
有多少人来参加聚会？
不是：
❌ How many people did come to the party?
Which bus goes ...?
Which bus goes to the centre?
哪辆公交车去市中心？
不是：
❌ Which bus does go to the centre?
10. Subject question 的核心结构
当疑问词本身就是主语：
Question word + verb + ...?
例如：
Who called you?
What happened?
Who wants coffee?
Which bus goes to the centre?
11. Object question 的核心结构
当疑问词是宾语：
Question word + do / does / did + subject + verb ...?
例如：
Who did you call?
What did you buy?
Which book did she choose?
12. Subject question 和 Object question 对比
| Subject question | Object question |
|---|---|
| Who called you? | Who did you call? |
| 谁给你打电话？ | 你给谁打电话？ |
| who = subject | who = object |
| 不使用 did | 使用 did |
记忆：
Who did Emma phone? Emma 是主语 → who 是宾语。
Who phoned Emma? who 是主语 → 不需要 did。
C. 疑问句中的介词位置
13. who / what / which / where 开头的疑问句
在以：
who / what / which / where
等开头的疑问句中，介词：
in / for / to / from etc.
通常放在句尾。
14. Where are you from?
Where are you from?
你来自哪里？
这里：
from
放在句尾。
15. Who do you want to speak to?
Who do you want to speak to?
你想跟谁说话？
这里：
speak to somebody
所以介词：
to
通常放在句尾。
16. What was the weather like?
What was the weather like?
天气怎么样？
这里：
be like
所以：
like
位于句尾。
17. Which job has Tina applied for?
Which job has Tina applied for?
Tina 申请了哪份工作？
这里：
apply for a job
因此：
for
放在句尾。
18. 疑问句中介词通常放在最后
| 固定结构 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|
| be from | Where are you from? |
| speak to somebody | Who do you want to speak to? |
| be like | What was the weather like? |
| apply for something | Which job has Tina applied for? |
日常英语中通常使用这种形式。
19. 正式英语：preposition + whom
在比较正式的英语中，也可以使用：
preposition + whom
例如：
To whom do you wish to speak?
这是比较正式的表达。
日常英语通常说：
Who do you want to speak to?
对比：
| 日常英语 | 正式英语 |
|---|---|
| Who do you want to speak to? | To whom do you wish to speak? |
D. Negative questions — 否定疑问句
常见结构：
isn’t it ...?
didn’t you ...?
haven’t you ...?
wasn’t she ...?
等。
20. 否定疑问句表示惊讶
我们经常使用否定疑问句来表达：
surprise
例如：
Didn’t you hear the doorbell? I rang it three times.
你没听见门铃吗？我按了三次。
这里说话人觉得：
你应该听到了。
所以带有一种：
“你居然没听到？”
的惊讶语气。
21. 期待对方同意
否定疑问句也可以用于：
when we expect the listener to agree with us
也就是：
我们期待对方同意自己的判断。
例如：
Haven’t we met before?
我们以前不是见过吗？
回答：
Yes, I think we have.
是的，我想我们见过。
这里说话人实际上认为：
我们应该以前见过。
22. 否定疑问句中的 yes 和 no
这一点非常重要。
例如：
Don’t you want to go?
你不想去吗？
回答：
Yes. (= Yes, I want to go.)
意思是：
是的，我想去。
回答：
No. (= No, I don’t want to go.)
意思是：
不，我不想去。
23. yes / no 判断原则
不要根据问题中的：
not
决定 yes / no。
而是根据：
事实是肯定还是否定
来回答。
Don’t you want to go?
如果你：
想去
回答：
Yes, I do.
如果你：
不想去
回答：
No, I don’t.
24. Negative question 的回答
| Question | 实际情况 | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Don’t you want to go? | 我想去 | Yes, I do. |
| Don’t you want to go? | 我不想去 | No, I don’t. |
| Haven’t you finished? | 我完成了 | Yes, I have. |
| Haven’t you finished? | 我没完成 | No, I haven’t. |
25. Why ...? + negative question
我们经常使用：
Why ...?
加否定疑问句。
Why don’t we ...?
Why don’t we eat out tonight?
我们今晚为什么不出去吃呢？
更自然地理解为：
我们今晚出去吃怎么样？
这里经常用于：
提出建议
不是：
❌ Why we don’t eat out tonight?
Why wasn’t Emma ...?
Why wasn’t Emma at work yesterday?
Emma 昨天为什么没来上班？
不是：
❌ Why Emma wasn’t at work yesterday?
因为疑问句需要：
wasn’t + subject
所以：
Why wasn’t Emma ...?
26. Negative question 的基本结构
be
Isn’t + subject + ...?
例如：
Isn’t Tom here?
do
Don’t + subject + verb ...?
例如：
Don’t you want to go?
does
Doesn’t + subject + verb ...?
例如：
Doesn’t she work here?
did
Didn’t + subject + verb ...?
例如：
Didn’t you hear the doorbell?
have
Haven’t + subject + ...?
例如：
Haven’t we met before?
was
Wasn’t + subject + ...?
例如：
Why wasn’t Emma at work?
27. Unit 49 核心：一般疑问句语序
正常陈述句：
subject + verb
疑问句：
first verb + subject
例如：
Tom will be here.
变成：
Will Tom be here?
You have been working.
变成：
Have you been working?
The house was built in 1980.
变成：
When was the house built?
28. Present simple / Past simple
如果一般现在时没有助动词：
使用 do / does
结构：
Do / Does + subject + base verb?
例如：
Do you live here?
Does she work here?
如果一般过去时没有助动词：
使用 did
结构：
Did + subject + base verb?
例如：
Did you sell your car?
Why did the train stop?
29. 最重要的特殊情况：疑问词就是主语
先判断：
who / what / which 等是不是在问“做动作的人或事物”？
如果是：
疑问词本身就是 subject。
那么：
不要添加 do / does / did。
例如：
Who called you?
而不是：
❌ Who did call you?
30. 对比：Who called you? / Who did you call?
这是 Unit 49 最值得掌握的一组句子。
Who called you?
Who called you?
谁给你打电话了？
结构：
Who called you?
↓ ↓
subject object
这里：
Who = subject
所以：
不使用 did。
Who did you call?
Who did you call?
你给谁打电话了？
结构：
Who did you call?
↓ ↓
object subject
这里：
you = subject
who = object
所以：
使用 did。
31. 快速判断方法
看到：
who / what / which
先问自己：
句子里面还有没有另一个主语？
如果有：
疑问词很可能是宾语。
例如：
Who did Emma phone?
已经有主语：
Emma
所以：
who = object
需要：
did
如果没有：
疑问词很可能就是主语。
例如：
Who phoned Emma?
这里没有其他主语。
所以：
who = subject
不需要：
did
32. Unit 49 四大核心规则
| 内容 | 核心规则 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 一般疑问句 | first verb + subject | Will Tom come? |
| 一般现在时 | do/does + subject + verb | Does she work here? |
| 一般过去时 | did + subject + verb | Did you see him? |
| 疑问词是主语 | 不使用 do/does/did | Who called you? |
33. 介词疑问句核心规则
日常英语：
疑问词放前面，介词通常留在最后。
例如：
Where are you from?
Who are you talking to?
What are you looking for?
Which job did you apply for?
正式英语可以使用：
preposition + whom
例如：
To whom do you wish to speak?
34. 否定疑问句核心规则
否定疑问句通常有两个重要用途：
① 表示惊讶
Didn’t you hear the doorbell?
② 期待对方同意
Haven’t we met before?
35. 最终思维模型
普通疑问句
陈述句：
subject + first verb
↓
疑问句：
first verb + subject
例如：
Tom will come.
↓
Will Tom come?
Present simple
do / does
+
subject
+
base verb
例如：
Does the film start at eight?
Past simple
did
+
subject
+
base verb
例如：
Did you sell your car?
Who / What 是主语
Who / What
+
verb
+
object
例如：
Who phoned Emma?
这里不要添加：
❌ do / does / did
Who / What 是宾语
Who / What
+
do / does / did
+
subject
+
base verb
例如：
Who did Emma phone?
介词疑问句
question word
+
question structure
+
preposition
例如：
Who do you want to speak to?
Where are you from?
What are you looking for?
Negative questions
negative auxiliary
+
subject
+
...
例如：
Didn’t you hear the doorbell?
Haven’t we met before?
Why wasn’t Emma at work?
36. Unit 49 最核心总结
普通疑问句
第一个动词放到主语前面。
Tom will → Will Tom ...?
Present simple
do / does + subject + base verb
Do you live here?
Does the film start at eight?
Past simple
did + subject + base verb
Did you sell your car?
疑问词是主语
不要使用 do / does / did
Who wants something to eat?
What happened?
Who phoned Emma?
疑问词是宾语
使用正常疑问句结构
Who did Emma phone?
介词
日常英语通常放在句尾：
Where are you from?
Who do you want to speak to?
Which job has Tina applied for?
否定疑问句
可以表达：
惊讶 / 期待对方同意 / 建议
例如：
Didn’t you hear the doorbell?
Haven’t we met before?
Why don’t we eat out tonight?
一句话记忆 Unit 49
普通疑问句：动词到主语前。
没有助动词：现在用 do/does，过去用 did。
who/what 自己就是主语：不要 do/does/did。
介词在日常疑问句中通常放最后。
否定疑问句常表示惊讶、确认或建议。