Appearance
Unit 115 — unless, as long as, provided
A. unless
Study this example situation
The club is for members only.
这个俱乐部只对会员开放。
You can’t go in unless you are a member.
除非你是会员,否则你不能进去。
This means:
You can’t go in except if you are a member. You can go in only if you are a member.
也就是说:
除非你是会员,否则不能进去。 只有你是会员,你才能进去。
核心结构
unless = except if
可以理解为:
unless = 除非 / 如果不
1. unless 的基本逻辑
例如:
I’ll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. (= except if I have to work late)
明天我会见你,除非我必须加班到很晚。
也可以理解成:
I’ll see you tomorrow if I don’t have to work late.
如果我不用加班到很晚,明天我就见你。
所以:
unless + 肯定句
通常可以转换成:
if + 否定句
2. 更多 unless 的例子
There are no buses to the beach. Unless you have a car, it’s difficult to get there. (= except if you have a car)
没有公交车去海滩。除非你有车,否则很难到那里。
也就是:
If you don’t have a car, it’s difficult to get there.
如果你没有车,就很难到那里。
对话
A: Shall I tell Lisa what happened? B: Not unless she asks you.
A:我要告诉 Lisa 发生了什么吗? B:除非她问你,否则不要告诉她。
这里:
Not unless she asks you.
相当于:
Tell her only if she asks you.
只有她问你,你才告诉她。
3. unless + 过去时
Ben hates to complain. He wouldn’t complain about something unless it was really bad. (= except if it was really bad)
Ben 很讨厌抱怨。除非事情真的很糟糕,否则他不会抱怨。
这里:
wouldn’t complain + unless it was really bad
表示一种假设性的情况。
4. unless you’d prefer ...
We can take a taxi to the restaurant — unless you’d prefer to walk. (= except if you’d prefer to walk)
我们可以坐出租车去餐厅——除非你更想走路。
这里的:
you’d prefer
= you would prefer
表示:
你更愿意……
5. unless 和 if ... not
Instead of unless, it is often possible to say:
if ... not
例如:
Unless we leave now, we’ll be late.
可以改成:
If we don’t leave now, we’ll be late.
意思都是:
如果我们现在不走,我们就会迟到。
对应关系:
unless we leave now
≈
if we don’t leave now
6. unless 的思维模型
unless
A unless B
可以理解成:
A 会发生,除非 B 发生
例如:
I’ll go for a walk unless it rains.
我会出去散步,除非下雨。
等价于:
I’ll go for a walk if it doesn’t rain.
如果不下雨,我就出去散步。
所以可以记成:
unless = if ... not
7. 不要重复否定
因为 unless 本身已经包含:
if ... not
的意思,所以通常不要再加一个否定。
例如:
✅ I’ll go unless it rains.
除非下雨,否则我会去。
不要说:
❌ I’ll go unless it doesn’t rain.
因为这样逻辑就变成:
除非“不下雨”
意思反过来了。
8. B. as long as / so long as / provided / providing
9. as long as / so long as
You can say:
as long as
or
so long as
意思是:
if / on condition that
中文可以理解为:
只要…… / 条件是…… / 在……条件下
例句
You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
或者:
You can borrow my car so long as you promise not to drive too fast.
你可以借我的车,只要你保证不开得太快。
这里表达的是一个:
condition(条件)
也就是:
You can borrow my car, but you must promise not to drive too fast.
你可以借我的车,但是条件是你必须保证不要开得太快。
10. as long as 的核心结构
A + as long as + B
意思:
只要 B,A 就可以成立
例如:
You can stay here as long as you are quiet.
只要你保持安静,你就可以待在这里。
You can use my computer as long as you’re careful.
只要你小心使用,你就可以用我的电脑。
I don’t mind where we eat as long as the food is good.
我不介意在哪里吃,只要食物好吃就行。
11. provided (that) / providing (that)
You can also say:
provided (that)
或者:
providing (that)
意思同样是:
if / on condition that
即:
只要…… / 前提是…… / 条件是……
例句
Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) you have somewhere to park.
或者:
Travelling by car is convenient providing (that) you have somewhere to park.
开车旅行很方便,前提是你有地方停车。
意思是:
It’s convenient but only if you have somewhere to park.
很方便,但前提是你有地方停车。
12. provided 和 providing
这两个表达基本相同:
provided (that)providing (that)
其中:
that
可以省略。
所以以下形式都可以:
provided that you have time
provided you have time
providing that you have time
providing you have time
都可以表达:
只要你有时间 / 前提是你有时间
13. 放在句首
Provided / Providing 也可以放在句首。
例如:
Providing (that) the room is clean, I don’t mind which hotel we stay at.
或者:
Provided (that) the room is clean, I don’t mind which hotel we stay at.
只要房间干净,我不介意我们住哪家酒店。
这里的逻辑是:
The room must be clean, but otherwise I don’t mind.
房间必须干净,除此之外我都不介意。
14. as long as / provided / providing 的共同点
这几个结构都可以表示:
“只要 / 前提是”
例如:
You can use my car as long as you drive carefully.
You can use my car provided you drive carefully.
You can use my car providing you drive carefully.
都可以理解为:
只要你小心驾驶,你就可以用我的车。
核心逻辑:
满足条件 B ↓ A 就可以成立
15. unless 和 as long as 的区别
这两个词都在表达“条件”,但是思维方向不同。
unless
除非……否则……
例如:
I won’t go unless you come with me.
除非你跟我一起去,否则我不会去。
也可以理解成:
I’ll go only if you come with me.
只有你跟我一起去,我才会去。
as long as
只要……就……
例如:
I’ll go as long as you come with me.
只要你跟我一起去,我就去。
它们虽然表达方式不同,但有时候逻辑会非常接近:
I won’t go unless you come with me.
≈
I’ll go only if you come with me.
≈
I’ll go as long as you come with me.
都强调:
you come with me
是一个必要条件。
16. C. unless / as long as etc. for the future
17. 表达未来时的重要规则
When we are talking about the future, we do not use will after:
unlessas long asso long asprovidedproviding
We use a present tense.
也就是说:
即使说的是未来,也通常使用一般现在时,而不是 will。
18. unless + 一般现在时
正确:
I’m not going out unless it stops raining.
除非雨停,否则我不出去。
错误:
❌ I’m not going out unless it will stop raining.
虽然“雨停”发生在未来,但是:
unless 后面不用 will
所以:
✅ unless it stops
19. providing + 一般现在时
正确:
Providing the weather is good, we’re going to have a picnic tomorrow.
只要天气好,我们明天就去野餐。
错误:
❌ Providing the weather will be good, we’re going to have a picnic tomorrow.
虽然说的是:
tomorrow
但是 providing 从句仍然使用:
the weather is good
而不是:
the weather will be good
20. 和 if / when / in case 的规则类似
你前面学习过的几个结构可以放在一起记。
谈论未来时:
if + present
when + present
in case + present
unless + present
as long as + present
provided/providing + present
主句可以使用:
will / be going to / can / may ...
例如:
I’ll call you when I arrive.
I’ll take an umbrella in case it rains.
I’ll go unless it rains.
You can come as long as you tell me first.
We’ll have a picnic provided the weather is good.
21. 常见错误
错误 1:unless + will
❌ I’ll go unless it will rain.
正确:
✅ I’ll go unless it rains.
错误 2:unless 后重复否定
如果想表达:
除非你努力,否则你不会通过考试。
正确:
✅ You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.
也可以说:
✅ You won’t pass the exam if you don’t work hard.
不要机械地写成:
❌ unless you don’t work hard
因为:
unless 本身已经包含 if ... not 的逻辑。
错误 3:as long as 理解成“和……一样长”
as long as 有两种完全不同的含义。
长度比较
This table is as long as that one.
这张桌子和那张桌子一样长。
这里是:
as + adjective + as
条件
You can stay here as long as you’re quiet.
只要你保持安静,你就可以待在这里。
这里:
as long as = provided that
所以必须根据上下文判断。
22. 日常口语例句
工作
You can leave early as long as you finish your work.
只要你完成工作,就可以早点走。
开车
You can drive my car as long as you drive carefully.
只要你小心驾驶,就可以开我的车。
天气
We’ll go to the park unless it rains.
除非下雨,否则我们就去公园。
等价于:
We’ll go to the park if it doesn’t rain.
软件开发
The app should work provided the network connection is stable.
只要网络连接稳定,这个 App 应该就能正常运行。
学习
You’ll improve as long as you keep practising.
只要你坚持练习,你就会进步。
23. 最终思维模型
这一单元最重要的是掌握三组条件表达。
① unless
unless = except if
日常理解:
除非……否则……
也经常可以转换成:
if ... not
例如:
I won’t go unless you come.
≈
I won’t go if you don’t come.
② as long as / so long as
核心:
只要……
结构:
A + as long as + condition
例如:
You can stay as long as you’re quiet.
只要你保持安静,你就可以留下。
③ provided / providing
核心:
前提是…… / 只要……
结构:
A + provided/providing + condition
例如:
You can borrow the car provided you drive carefully.
只要你小心驾驶,你就可以借这辆车。
24. 最后压缩成公式
unless + 肯定句 ≈ if + 否定句
例如:
unless it rains ≈ if it doesn’t rain
as long as / so long as + 条件 = 只要……
provided / providing + 条件 = 前提是…… / 只要……
未来时统一规则
unless / as long as / so long as / provided / providing + 一般现在时
即使表达未来,也不要直接使用:
❌ will
例如:
✅ I’ll go unless it rains.
❌ I’ll go unless it will rain.
以及:
✅ We’ll have a picnic provided the weather is good.
❌ We’ll have a picnic provided the weather will be good.