Appearance
Unit 52 — Question tags
do you? / isn’t it? etc.
A. Question tags
1. Study these examples
You haven’t seen Lisa today, have you?
No, I haven’t.
It was a good film, wasn’t it?
Yes, it was great.
2. 什么是 question tag?
have you?
和:
wasn’t it?
都是:
question tags
也就是:
放在句子末尾的“小问句”。
例如:
You haven’t seen Lisa today, have you?
3. Question tag 中使用助动词
在 question tag 中,我们通常使用:
auxiliary verb
例如:
- have
- was
- will
- can
- should
等。
4. Present simple / Past simple 使用 do / does / did
对于:
present simple
和:
past simple
question tag 使用:
do / does / did
例如:
Karen plays the piano, doesn’t she?
“Well, yes, but not very well.”
Karen 会弹钢琴,对吧?
“嗯,会,不过弹得不是很好。”
另一个例子:
You didn’t lock the door, did you?
“No, I forgot.”
你没有锁门,对吧?
“对,我忘了。”
B. Positive sentence + negative tag
Negative sentence + positive tag
5. 肯定句后通常接否定 tag
通常:
positive sentence + negative question tag
例如:
Kate will be here soon, won’t she?
There was a lot of traffic, wasn’t there?
Joe should pass the exam, shouldn’t he?
6. 结构
positive sentence
+
negative tag
例如:
Kate will be here soon, won’t she?
There was a lot of traffic, wasn’t there?
Joe should pass the exam, shouldn’t he?
7. 否定句后通常接肯定 tag
通常:
negative sentence + positive question tag
例如:
Kate won’t be late, will she?
They don’t like us, do they?
You haven’t eaten yet, have you?
8. 结构
negative sentence
+
positive tag
例如:
Kate won’t be late, will she?
They don’t like us, do they?
You haven’t eaten yet, have you?
9. 最核心的正负规律
| Main sentence | Question tag |
|---|---|
| positive | negative |
| negative | positive |
也就是:
前肯后否
前否后肯
10. 常见例子
| Sentence | Question tag |
|---|---|
| Tom is here, | isn’t he? |
| Lisa can swim, | can’t she? |
| They will come, | won’t they? |
| He likes coffee, | doesn’t he? |
| You went there, | didn’t you? |
| Tom isn’t here, | is he? |
| Lisa can’t swim, | can she? |
| They won’t come, | will they? |
11. Question tag 的代词
question tag 中通常不会重复完整名词,而使用代词。
例如:
Kate will be here soon, won’t she?
Kate → she
Joe should pass the exam, shouldn’t he?
Joe → he
The children are sleeping, aren’t they?
the children → they
12. there 的 question tag
如果前面是:
there is / there was / there will be
tag 中继续使用:
there
例如:
There was a lot of traffic, wasn’t there?
There is a problem, isn’t there?
There won’t be enough time, will there?
13. Negative sentence 的 yes / no
注意否定句后 question tag 的回答方式。
例如:
You’re not going out this morning, are you?
回答:
Yes. (= Yes, I am going out.)
意思:
是的,我要出去。
回答:
No. (= No, I am not going out.)
意思:
不,我不出去。
14. yes / no 根据事实回答
不要因为问题中有:
not
就反着理解 yes / no。
例如:
You’re not going out, are you?
如果实际上:
你要出去
回答:
Yes, I am.
如果实际上:
你不出去
回答:
No, I’m not.
C. Question tag 的语调和含义
15. Question tag 的意思取决于语调
The meaning of a question tag depends on how you say it.
也就是说:
question tag 是“确认”还是“真正提问”,要看语调。
16. Voice goes down — 降调
如果 question tag 使用:
降调 ↘
通常并不是真的在问问题。
而是:
说话者认为自己的判断正确,希望对方同意。
17. It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
It’s a nice day, isn’t it? ↘
“Yes, beautiful.”
天气很好,对吧?
“是啊,很漂亮。”
这里说话者已经认为:
今天是个好天气。
只是希望对方确认。
18. Paul doesn’t look well today, does he?
Paul doesn’t look well today, does he? ↘
“No, he looks very tired.”
Paul 今天看起来不太舒服,对吧?
“是的,他看起来很累。”
19. Lisa’s very funny, isn’t she?
Lisa’s very funny. She’s got a great sense of humour, hasn’t she? ↘
“Yes, she has.”
Lisa 很有趣,对吧?
她很有幽默感,不是吗?
20. 降调的核心感觉
Statement
↓
I think this is true.
↓
tag ↘
↓
Please agree with me.
也就是:
“我觉得是这样,你也同意吧?”
21. Voice goes up — 升调
如果 question tag 使用:
升调 ↗
那么它通常是:
真正的问题
说话者并不知道答案。
22. You haven’t seen Kate today, have you?
You haven’t seen Kate today, have you? ↗
“No, I haven’t.”
这里相当于真正问:
Have you seen Kate today?
也就是说:
说话者确实不知道你有没有见过 Kate。
23. 升调 vs 降调
| 语调 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| ↘ 降调 | 我认为是真的,想让你同意 |
| ↗ 升调 | 我真的不知道,在问你 |
24. 同一句话可以因为语调不同而意思不同
例如:
You’re Tom, aren’t you?
如果:
aren’t you? ↘
意思:
我基本确定你是 Tom,只是在确认。
如果:
aren’t you? ↗
意思:
我不太确定,真的在问。
25. Negative sentence + positive tag 可以用来请求信息
我们也可以使用:
negative sentence + positive tag
来:
- ask for things
- ask for information
- ask somebody to do something
这种情况下:
tag 通常使用升调 ↗
26. You couldn’t do me a favour, could you?
You couldn’t do me a favour, could you? ↗
你能帮我一个忙吗?
回答:
“It depends what it is.”
“要看是什么事。”
这里不是在说:
“你不能帮我,对吧?”
而是一种比较礼貌的:
请求
27. You don’t know where Karen is, do you?
You don’t know where Karen is, do you? ↗
你知道 Karen 在哪里吗?
回答:
“Sorry, I have no idea.”
“不好意思,我不知道。”
这里是:
真正在询问信息。
28. Question tag 的三个常见功能
① 确认 / 寻求认同
It’s nice, isn’t it? ↘
② 真正询问
You haven’t seen Kate, have you? ↗
③ 礼貌请求 / 询问信息
You couldn’t help me, could you? ↗
D. 特殊 Question tags
29. Let’s ... → shall we?
在:
Let’s ...
之后,question tag 使用:
shall we?
例如:
Let’s go for a walk, shall we? ↗
我们去散步,好吗?
30. 为什么是 shall we?
因为:
Let’s = Let us
所以固定搭配:
Let’s ..., shall we?
例如:
Let’s sit down, shall we?
Let’s have lunch, shall we?
Let’s go home, shall we?
31. Don’t ... → will you?
在:
Don’t ...
这种祈使句后,question tag 通常使用:
will you?
例如:
Don’t be late, will you? ↘
别迟到,好吗?
32. 更多例子
Don’t forget, will you?
别忘了,好吗?
Don’t tell anybody, will you?
别告诉别人,好吗?
33. I’m ... → aren’t I?
这是一个特殊情况。
如果句子是:
I’m ...
否定 question tag 通常使用:
aren’t I?
例如:
I’m right, aren’t I?
我是对的,对吧?
回答:
“Yes, you are.”
34. 为什么不是 amn’t I?
英语通常不说:
❌ amn’t I?
标准用法是:
aren’t I?
所以记成固定结构:
I’m ..., aren’t I?
35. 特殊结构总结
| Main sentence | Question tag |
|---|---|
| Let’s go, | shall we? |
| Don’t be late, | will you? |
| I’m right, | aren’t I? |
36. 如何构造 Question tag
可以用 3 个步骤。
Step 1:找主句中的助动词
例如:
Kate will be here soon.
助动词:
will
Step 2:正负相反
主句是:
positive
所以 tag:
negative
will → won’t
Step 3:把主语换成代词
Kate → she
最终:
Kate will be here soon, won’t she?
37. 如果主句没有助动词怎么办?
例如:
Karen plays the piano.
这是:
Present Simple
没有显式助动词。
所以使用:
does
主句肯定:
plays
tag 否定:
doesn’t she?
最终:
Karen plays the piano, doesn’t she?
38. Past Simple
例如:
Tom went home.
使用:
did
主句肯定:
went
tag 否定:
didn’t
最终:
Tom went home, didn’t he?
39. 常见 Question tag 对照表
| 主句 | Tag |
|---|---|
| is | isn’t |
| isn’t | is |
| are | aren’t |
| aren’t | are |
| was | wasn’t |
| wasn’t | was |
| were | weren’t |
| weren’t | were |
| have | haven’t |
| haven’t | have |
| has | hasn’t |
| hasn’t | has |
| will | won’t |
| won’t | will |
| can | can’t |
| can’t | can |
| should | shouldn’t |
| shouldn’t | should |
40. Present Simple 的 tag
如果主句是一般现在时:
I / you / we / they
使用:
do / don’t
例如:
You like coffee, don’t you?
he / she / it
使用:
does / doesn’t
例如:
Sarah likes coffee, doesn’t she?
41. Past Simple 的 tag
一般过去时使用:
did / didn’t
例如:
You saw him, didn’t you?
You didn’t see him, did you?
42. 主句与 tag 的对应关系
Positive → Negative
He is here, isn’t he?
She can swim, can’t she?
They will come, won’t they?
Tom likes coffee, doesn’t he?
Lisa went home, didn’t she?
Negative → Positive
He isn’t here, is he?
She can’t swim, can she?
They won’t come, will they?
Tom doesn’t like coffee, does he?
Lisa didn’t go home, did she?
43. Question tag 和 Unit 51 的关系
Unit 51 学过:
auxiliary verbs
例如:
- have
- do
- can
- will
- be
Question tag 本质上也是:
使用对应的 auxiliary verb
例如:
You’ve finished, haven’t you?
前面:
have
所以 tag:
haven’t
She can swim, can’t she?
前面:
can
所以 tag:
can’t
Tom went home, didn’t he?
Past Simple 没有显式助动词,所以:
使用 did
44. 最常见错误:助动词不对应
错误:
❌ She can swim, doesn’t she?
正确:
She can swim, can’t she?
因为前面已经有:
can
所以 tag 继续使用:
can
错误:
❌ You have finished, don’t you?
正确:
You have finished, haven’t you?
45. 最常见错误:正负不相反
错误:
❌ Tom is here, is he?
如果是普通 question tag,通常应该:
Tom is here, isn’t he?
错误:
❌ Tom isn’t here, isn’t he?
正确:
Tom isn’t here, is he?
46. 最常见错误:主语不用代词
不自然:
❌ Lisa is here, isn’t Lisa?
正确:
Lisa is here, isn’t she?
question tag 中通常使用:
pronoun
47. 最终思维模型
第一步:看主句是肯定还是否定
Positive
↓
Negative tag
Negative
↓
Positive tag
第二步:找到对应的助动词
例如:
is → isn't / is
can → can't / can
will → won't / will
have → haven't / have
如果是:
Present Simple
↓
do / does
如果是:
Past Simple
↓
did
第三步:主语换成代词
Kate
↓
she
Tom
↓
he
the children
↓
they
Example
Kate will be here soon.
Step 1
肯定句:
positive
所以 tag:
negative
Step 2
助动词:
will → won’t
Step 3
Kate:
she
最终:
Kate will be here soon, won’t she?
48. 语调思维模型
降调 ↘
I think this is true.
↓
Please agree with me.
↓
↘
例如:
It’s a nice day, isn’t it? ↘
升调 ↗
I don't know.
↓
I'm really asking.
↓
↗
例如:
You haven’t seen Kate, have you? ↗
49. Unit 52 核心结构表
| 类型 | 结构 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 + 否定 tag | positive + negative | It’s nice, isn’t it? |
| 否定 + 肯定 tag | negative + positive | It isn’t cold, is it? |
| Present Simple | do/does | She works here, doesn’t she? |
| Past Simple | did | He left, didn’t he? |
| Let’s | shall we | Let’s go, shall we? |
| Don’t | will you | Don’t be late, will you? |
| I’m | aren’t I | I’m right, aren’t I? |
50. 一句话记忆
基本规则
前肯后否,前否后肯。
例如:
She is here, isn’t she?
She isn’t here, is she?
助动词保持一致
She can swim, can’t she?
You have finished, haven’t you?
一般现在时
do / does
例如:
You like it, don’t you?
一般过去时
did
例如:
You saw him, didn’t you?
特殊结构
Let’s ..., shall we?
Don’t ..., will you?
I’m ..., aren’t I?
Unit 52 最核心总结
Question tag = 句尾的小问句
最基本规律:
Positive sentence + negative tag
Negative sentence + positive tag
例如:
Kate will be here soon, won’t she?
Kate won’t be late, will she?
Question tag 中:
使用和主句对应的助动词
一般现在时使用:
do / does
一般过去时使用:
did
语调也非常重要:
降调 ↘ = 我认为是真的,希望你同意
升调 ↗ = 我真的在问
特殊情况:
Let’s ..., shall we?
Don’t ..., will you?
I’m ..., aren’t I?