Appearance
Unit 144 — Phrasal verbs 8: up (2)
A. bring up / come up / come up with / make up
bring up
bring up a topic etc. = introduce it in a conversation
表示:
提出一个话题 / 提起某事
Example:
I don’t want to hear any more about this. Please don’t bring it up again.
我不想再听到这件事了。请不要再提了。
常见结构:
bring up + something
bring something up
如果宾语是代词:
bring it up
而不是:
❌ bring up it
come up
come up = be introduced in a conversation
表示:
(话题、问题等)被提到 / 出现
Example:
Some interesting things came up in our discussion yesterday.
昨天我们的讨论中提到了一些有趣的事情。
注意与 bring up 的区别:
bring something up → 某人主动提出某件事
something comes up → 某件事在谈话中被提到 / 出现
例如:
I brought up the problem.
我提出了这个问题。
The problem came up during the meeting.
这个问题在会议中被提到了。
come up with
come up with an idea, a suggestion etc.
= produce an idea
表示:
想出 / 提出(主意、建议、方案等)
Example:
Sarah is very creative. She’s always coming up with new ideas.
Sarah 很有创造力。她总是能想出新的点子。
常见搭配:
come up with an idea 想出一个主意
come up with a solution 想出一个解决方案
come up with a plan 想出一个计划
come up with a suggestion 提出一个建议
make something up
make something up = invent something that is not true
表示:
编造 / 虚构
Example:
What Kevin told you about himself wasn’t true. He made it all up.
Kevin 告诉你的关于他自己的事情并不是真的。他全都是编的。
例如:
He made up an excuse.
他编了一个借口。
Are you telling the truth, or did you make it up?
你说的是真的,还是你编的?
B. cheer up / save up / clear up
cheer up
cheer up = be happier
表示:
振作起来 / 高兴起来
Example:
You look so sad! Cheer up!
你看起来很难过!振作起来!
cheer somebody up
cheer somebody up = make somebody feel happier
表示:
让某人开心起来 / 使某人振作
Example:
Helen is depressed. What can we do to cheer her up?
Helen 很沮丧。我们能做些什么让她开心起来?
对比:
cheer up → 自己高兴起来
cheer somebody up → 让某人高兴起来
例如:
Cheer up!
开心点!
I tried to cheer him up.
我试着让他开心起来。
save up
save up for something
save up to do something
= save money to buy something
表示:
攒钱 / 存钱
Example:
Dan is saving up for a trip to New Zealand.
Dan 正在为去新西兰旅行攒钱。
常见结构:
save up for + 名词
例如:
I’m saving up for a new car.
我正在攒钱买一辆新车。
以及:
save up to do something
例如:
I’m saving up to buy a new computer.
我正在攒钱买一台新电脑。
clear up
clear up = become bright (for weather)
表示:
(天气)放晴 / 转晴
Example:
It was raining when I got up, but it cleared up later.
我起床时正在下雨,但后来天晴了。
可以理解为:
clouds / rain → disappear → sky becomes clear
1. C. blow up / tear up / beat up
这一组的 up 经常带有:
彻底 / 完全
的感觉。
blow up
blow up = explode
表示:
爆炸
Example:
The engine caught fire and blew up.
发动机着火并爆炸了。
注意:
blow → blew → blown
所以:
blow up → blew up → blown up
blow something up
blow something up = destroy it with a bomb etc.
表示:
炸毁某物
Example:
The bridge was blown up during the war.
那座桥在战争期间被炸毁了。
对比:
The bomb blew up.
炸弹爆炸了。
They blew up the bridge.
他们炸毁了桥。
tear something up
tear something up = tear it into pieces
表示:
把……撕碎
Example:
I didn’t read the letter. I just tore it up and threw it away.
我没有读那封信。我直接把它撕碎然后扔掉了。
注意:
tear → tore → torn
例如:
She tore up the letter.
她把信撕碎了。
如果使用代词:
She tore it up.
她把它撕碎了。
beat somebody up
beat somebody up = hit someone repeatedly so that they are badly hurt
表示:
殴打某人 / 把某人打伤
Example:
A friend of mine was attacked and beaten up. He had to go to hospital.
我的一个朋友遭到袭击并被打伤了。他不得不去医院。
注意:
beat → beat → beaten
所以被动结构:
be beaten up
表示:
被殴打
2. D. break up / do up / look up / put up with / hold up / mix up
break up / split up
break up / split up (with somebody) = separate
表示:
分手 / 分开
Example:
I’m surprised to hear that Kate and Paul have split up. They seemed very happy together.
听说 Kate 和 Paul 分手了,我很惊讶。他们以前看起来非常幸福。
常见:
break up with somebody
和某人分手
例如:
She broke up with her boyfriend.
她和男朋友分手了。
也可以说:
They broke up last year.
他们去年分手了。
They split up last year.
他们去年分开了。
do up
do up clothes
do up a coat, a shoelace, buttons etc.
= fasten, tie etc.
表示:
扣好 / 系好 / 拉好
Example:
It’s quite cold. Do up your coat before you go out.
天很冷。出去之前把外套扣好。
例如:
do up your coat
扣好外套
do up your buttons
扣好纽扣
do up your shoelaces
系好鞋带
do up a building
do up a building, a room etc.
= repair and improve it
表示:
翻修 / 装修 / 整修
Example:
The kitchen looks great now that it has been done up.
厨房翻修以后现在看起来很棒。
所以 do up 有两个常见意思:
do up your coat → 扣好衣服
do up a room → 翻修房间
look something up
look something up in a dictionary / encyclopaedia etc.
表示:
查找 / 查阅
Example:
If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you can look it up (in a dictionary).
如果你不知道一个单词的意思,可以在词典里查一下。
常见:
look up a word
查单词
如果宾语是代词:
look it up
而不是:
❌ look up it
例如:
I don’t know this word. Let me look it up.
我不知道这个单词。让我查一下。
put up with
put up with something
= tolerate a difficult situation or person
表示:
忍受 / 容忍
Example:
We live on a busy road, so we have to put up with a lot of noise from the traffic.
我们住在一条繁忙的道路旁,所以不得不忍受大量的交通噪音。
这个短语要整体记:
put up with + somebody / something
例如:
I can’t put up with the noise.
我受不了这个噪音。
I can’t put up with him any more.
我再也受不了他了。
不要把 with 丢掉:
❌ put up the noise
✅ put up with the noise
hold up
hold up a person, a plan etc. = delay
表示:
耽搁 / 延误
Example:
Don’t wait for me. I don’t want to hold you up.
不要等我。我不想耽误你。
Example:
Plans to build a new factory have been held up because of financial problems.
建造新工厂的计划因为资金问题被耽搁了。
注意:
hold → held → held
所以:
hold up → held up
常见:
Traffic held us up.
交通堵塞耽误了我们。
mix up
mix up people/things
get people/things mixed up
= you think one is the other
表示:
把人或东西弄混 / 混淆
Example:
The two brothers look very similar. People often mix them up.
这两兄弟长得非常像。人们经常把他们弄混。
也可以说:
People often get them mixed up.
人们经常把他们搞混。
例如:
I always mix up these two words.
我总是把这两个单词弄混。
I got the dates mixed up.
我把日期搞混了。
3. Unit 144 核心短语总结
| Phrasal verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| bring something up | 提起某事 / 提出话题 |
| come up | 被提到 / 出现 |
| come up with | 想出 / 提出 |
| make something up | 编造 / 虚构 |
| cheer up | 高兴起来 / 振作起来 |
| cheer somebody up | 让某人开心起来 |
| save up | 攒钱 |
| save up for | 为……攒钱 |
| clear up | 天气放晴 |
| blow up | 爆炸 |
| blow something up | 炸毁 |
| tear something up | 撕碎 |
| beat somebody up | 殴打某人 |
| break up | 分手 / 分开 |
| split up | 分手 / 分开 |
| do something up | 扣好 / 系好 |
| do up a building | 翻修建筑 |
| look something up | 查阅 |
| put up with | 忍受 |
| hold somebody/something up | 耽搁 / 延误 |
| mix somebody/something up | 把……弄混 |
| get something mixed up | 把……搞混 |
4. Unit 144 重点对比
bring up vs come up vs come up with
这三个非常容易混淆。
bring something up
人 → 主动提出一个话题
例如:
She brought up the problem.
她提出了这个问题。
something comes up
事情 → 在谈话中出现 / 被提到
例如:
The problem came up in the meeting.
会议中提到了这个问题。
come up with something
人 → 想出一个主意 / 方法
例如:
We need to come up with a solution.
我们需要想出一个解决方案。
所以可以记成:
bring up → 提出来
come up → 出现了
come up with → 想出来
5. make up vs mix up
make up
make up a story
编故事
核心:
创造一个原本不存在的东西
例如:
He made up an excuse.
他编了一个借口。
mix up
mix up two things
把两个东西弄混
核心:
本来有两个东西,但分不清哪个是哪个
例如:
I always mix up these two words.
我总是混淆这两个单词。
因此:
make up → 编出来
mix up → 搞混了
6. look up vs come up with
学习英语时这两个都非常常见:
I don’t know this word. I’ll look it up.
我不知道这个单词,我去查一下。
但是:
I need to come up with an example.
我需要想一个例子出来。
所以:
look up → 外部寻找已有的信息
come up with → 自己思考产生新的想法
7. Unit 144 的 UP 思维
这一单元继续展示了 up 的抽象意义。
① UP → 从隐藏到出现
bring up → 把话题提出来
come up → 话题出现
come up with → 想法产生出来
可以想象:
hidden ↓ → visible ↑
某件事情原本没有出现在对话中,现在被“提上来”。
② UP → 状态变好 / 积累起来
cheer up → 情绪好起来
save up → 钱一点点积累起来
clear up → 天气变晴
这里可以理解成:
状态逐渐变化 → 达到新的状态
③ UP → 彻底完成
这是短语动词里非常重要的 up。
blow up → 炸毁
tear up → 撕碎
beat up → 打伤
这些都有:
动作进行到非常彻底的程度
的感觉。
④ UP → 分开 / 完成某种变化
break up
原本:
together
变化后:
separated
所以:
break up = 分开 / 分手
⑤ UP → 处理完成
do up → 整修好
look up → 查出来
mix up → 混在一起
hold up → 阻挡进程 → 延误
8. Unit 144 最终思维模型
这一课的 UP 可以归纳成:
UP = 出现 / 产生 / 积累 / 完成 / 彻底改变状态
例如:
出现
bring up 把话题提出来
come up 话题出现
产生
come up with an idea 想出一个主意
make up a story 编出一个故事
积累
save up money 把钱积攒起来
状态改变
cheer up 开心起来
clear up 天气晴起来
彻底完成
blow up 炸毁
tear up 撕碎
beat up 打伤
所以不要把 up 机械地翻译成“向上”。
更实用的理解方式是:
UP → 某件事情从原来的状态,发展到一个更完整、更明显或最终的状态。