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Unit 144 — Phrasal verbs 8: up (2)


A. bring up / come up / come up with / make up

bring up

bring up a topic etc. = introduce it in a conversation

表示:

提出一个话题 / 提起某事

Example:

  • I don’t want to hear any more about this. Please don’t bring it up again.

    我不想再听到这件事了。请不要再提了。

常见结构:

bring up + something

bring something up

如果宾语是代词:

bring it up

而不是:

❌ bring up it


come up

come up = be introduced in a conversation

表示:

(话题、问题等)被提到 / 出现

Example:

  • Some interesting things came up in our discussion yesterday.

    昨天我们的讨论中提到了一些有趣的事情。

注意与 bring up 的区别:

bring something up → 某人主动提出某件事

something comes up → 某件事在谈话中被提到 / 出现

例如:

I brought up the problem.

我提出了这个问题。

The problem came up during the meeting.

这个问题在会议中被提到了。


come up with

come up with an idea, a suggestion etc.

= produce an idea

表示:

想出 / 提出(主意、建议、方案等)

Example:

  • Sarah is very creative. She’s always coming up with new ideas.

    Sarah 很有创造力。她总是能想出新的点子。

常见搭配:

come up with an idea 想出一个主意

come up with a solution 想出一个解决方案

come up with a plan 想出一个计划

come up with a suggestion 提出一个建议


make something up

make something up = invent something that is not true

表示:

编造 / 虚构

Example:

  • What Kevin told you about himself wasn’t true. He made it all up.

    Kevin 告诉你的关于他自己的事情并不是真的。他全都是编的。

例如:

He made up an excuse.

他编了一个借口。

Are you telling the truth, or did you make it up?

你说的是真的,还是你编的?


B. cheer up / save up / clear up

cheer up

cheer up = be happier

表示:

振作起来 / 高兴起来

Example:

  • You look so sad! Cheer up!

    你看起来很难过!振作起来!


cheer somebody up

cheer somebody up = make somebody feel happier

表示:

让某人开心起来 / 使某人振作

Example:

  • Helen is depressed. What can we do to cheer her up?

    Helen 很沮丧。我们能做些什么让她开心起来?

对比:

cheer up → 自己高兴起来

cheer somebody up → 让某人高兴起来

例如:

Cheer up!

开心点!

I tried to cheer him up.

我试着让他开心起来。


save up

save up for something

save up to do something

= save money to buy something

表示:

攒钱 / 存钱

Example:

  • Dan is saving up for a trip to New Zealand.

    Dan 正在为去新西兰旅行攒钱。

常见结构:

save up for + 名词

例如:

I’m saving up for a new car.

我正在攒钱买一辆新车。

以及:

save up to do something

例如:

I’m saving up to buy a new computer.

我正在攒钱买一台新电脑。


clear up

clear up = become bright (for weather)

表示:

(天气)放晴 / 转晴

Example:

  • It was raining when I got up, but it cleared up later.

    我起床时正在下雨,但后来天晴了。

可以理解为:

clouds / rain → disappear → sky becomes clear


1. C. blow up / tear up / beat up

这一组的 up 经常带有:

彻底 / 完全

的感觉。


blow up

blow up = explode

表示:

爆炸

Example:

  • The engine caught fire and blew up.

    发动机着火并爆炸了。

注意:

blow → blew → blown

所以:

blow up → blew up → blown up


blow something up

blow something up = destroy it with a bomb etc.

表示:

炸毁某物

Example:

  • The bridge was blown up during the war.

    那座桥在战争期间被炸毁了。

对比:

The bomb blew up.

炸弹爆炸了。

They blew up the bridge.

他们炸毁了桥。


tear something up

tear something up = tear it into pieces

表示:

把……撕碎

Example:

  • I didn’t read the letter. I just tore it up and threw it away.

    我没有读那封信。我直接把它撕碎然后扔掉了。

注意:

tear → tore → torn

例如:

She tore up the letter.

她把信撕碎了。

如果使用代词:

She tore it up.

她把它撕碎了。


beat somebody up

beat somebody up = hit someone repeatedly so that they are badly hurt

表示:

殴打某人 / 把某人打伤

Example:

  • A friend of mine was attacked and beaten up. He had to go to hospital.

    我的一个朋友遭到袭击并被打伤了。他不得不去医院。

注意:

beat → beat → beaten

所以被动结构:

be beaten up

表示:

被殴打


2. D. break up / do up / look up / put up with / hold up / mix up

break up / split up

break up / split up (with somebody) = separate

表示:

分手 / 分开

Example:

  • I’m surprised to hear that Kate and Paul have split up. They seemed very happy together.

    听说 Kate 和 Paul 分手了,我很惊讶。他们以前看起来非常幸福。

常见:

break up with somebody

和某人分手

例如:

She broke up with her boyfriend.

她和男朋友分手了。

也可以说:

They broke up last year.

他们去年分手了。

They split up last year.

他们去年分开了。


do up

do up clothes

do up a coat, a shoelace, buttons etc.

= fasten, tie etc.

表示:

扣好 / 系好 / 拉好

Example:

  • It’s quite cold. Do up your coat before you go out.

    天很冷。出去之前把外套扣好。

例如:

do up your coat

扣好外套

do up your buttons

扣好纽扣

do up your shoelaces

系好鞋带


do up a building

do up a building, a room etc.

= repair and improve it

表示:

翻修 / 装修 / 整修

Example:

  • The kitchen looks great now that it has been done up.

    厨房翻修以后现在看起来很棒。

所以 do up 有两个常见意思:

do up your coat → 扣好衣服

do up a room → 翻修房间


look something up

look something up in a dictionary / encyclopaedia etc.

表示:

查找 / 查阅

Example:

  • If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you can look it up (in a dictionary).

    如果你不知道一个单词的意思,可以在词典里查一下。

常见:

look up a word

查单词

如果宾语是代词:

look it up

而不是:

❌ look up it

例如:

I don’t know this word. Let me look it up.

我不知道这个单词。让我查一下。


put up with

put up with something

= tolerate a difficult situation or person

表示:

忍受 / 容忍

Example:

  • We live on a busy road, so we have to put up with a lot of noise from the traffic.

    我们住在一条繁忙的道路旁,所以不得不忍受大量的交通噪音。

这个短语要整体记:

put up with + somebody / something

例如:

I can’t put up with the noise.

我受不了这个噪音。

I can’t put up with him any more.

我再也受不了他了。

不要把 with 丢掉:

❌ put up the noise

put up with the noise


hold up

hold up a person, a plan etc. = delay

表示:

耽搁 / 延误

Example:

  • Don’t wait for me. I don’t want to hold you up.

    不要等我。我不想耽误你。

Example:

  • Plans to build a new factory have been held up because of financial problems.

    建造新工厂的计划因为资金问题被耽搁了。

注意:

hold → held → held

所以:

hold up → held up

常见:

Traffic held us up.

交通堵塞耽误了我们。


mix up

mix up people/things

get people/things mixed up

= you think one is the other

表示:

把人或东西弄混 / 混淆

Example:

  • The two brothers look very similar. People often mix them up.

    这两兄弟长得非常像。人们经常把他们弄混。

也可以说:

  • People often get them mixed up.

    人们经常把他们搞混。

例如:

I always mix up these two words.

我总是把这两个单词弄混。

I got the dates mixed up.

我把日期搞混了。


3. Unit 144 核心短语总结

Phrasal verbMeaning
bring something up提起某事 / 提出话题
come up被提到 / 出现
come up with想出 / 提出
make something up编造 / 虚构
cheer up高兴起来 / 振作起来
cheer somebody up让某人开心起来
save up攒钱
save up for为……攒钱
clear up天气放晴
blow up爆炸
blow something up炸毁
tear something up撕碎
beat somebody up殴打某人
break up分手 / 分开
split up分手 / 分开
do something up扣好 / 系好
do up a building翻修建筑
look something up查阅
put up with忍受
hold somebody/something up耽搁 / 延误
mix somebody/something up把……弄混
get something mixed up把……搞混

4. Unit 144 重点对比

bring up vs come up vs come up with

这三个非常容易混淆。

bring something up

人 → 主动提出一个话题

例如:

She brought up the problem.

她提出了这个问题。


something comes up

事情 → 在谈话中出现 / 被提到

例如:

The problem came up in the meeting.

会议中提到了这个问题。


come up with something

人 → 想出一个主意 / 方法

例如:

We need to come up with a solution.

我们需要想出一个解决方案。

所以可以记成:

bring up → 提出来

come up → 出现了

come up with → 想出来


5. make up vs mix up

make up

make up a story

编故事

核心:

创造一个原本不存在的东西

例如:

He made up an excuse.

他编了一个借口。


mix up

mix up two things

把两个东西弄混

核心:

本来有两个东西,但分不清哪个是哪个

例如:

I always mix up these two words.

我总是混淆这两个单词。

因此:

make up → 编出来

mix up → 搞混了


6. look up vs come up with

学习英语时这两个都非常常见:

I don’t know this word. I’ll look it up.

我不知道这个单词,我去查一下。

但是:

I need to come up with an example.

我需要想一个例子出来。

所以:

look up → 外部寻找已有的信息

come up with → 自己思考产生新的想法


7. Unit 144 的 UP 思维

这一单元继续展示了 up 的抽象意义。

① UP → 从隐藏到出现

bring up → 把话题提出来

come up → 话题出现

come up with → 想法产生出来

可以想象:

hidden ↓ → visible ↑

某件事情原本没有出现在对话中,现在被“提上来”。


② UP → 状态变好 / 积累起来

cheer up → 情绪好起来

save up → 钱一点点积累起来

clear up → 天气变晴

这里可以理解成:

状态逐渐变化 → 达到新的状态


③ UP → 彻底完成

这是短语动词里非常重要的 up

blow up → 炸毁

tear up → 撕碎

beat up → 打伤

这些都有:

动作进行到非常彻底的程度

的感觉。


④ UP → 分开 / 完成某种变化

break up

原本:

together

变化后:

separated

所以:

break up = 分开 / 分手


⑤ UP → 处理完成

do up → 整修好

look up → 查出来

mix up → 混在一起

hold up → 阻挡进程 → 延误


8. Unit 144 最终思维模型

这一课的 UP 可以归纳成:

UP = 出现 / 产生 / 积累 / 完成 / 彻底改变状态

例如:

出现

bring up 把话题提出来

come up 话题出现

产生

come up with an idea 想出一个主意

make up a story 编出一个故事

积累

save up money 把钱积攒起来

状态改变

cheer up 开心起来

clear up 天气晴起来

彻底完成

blow up 炸毁

tear up 撕碎

beat up 打伤

所以不要把 up 机械地翻译成“向上”。

更实用的理解方式是:

UP → 某件事情从原来的状态,发展到一个更完整、更明显或最终的状态。